Oncolytic Virus Vaccine and CAR-Immune Cells for Solid Tumor Targeting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current immune cell therapies, including CAR-T cell immunotherapy, face limitations in treating solid tumors due to heterogeneity of tumor-associated antigens and inability to penetrate solid tumor tissue microenvironments, leading to relapse and loss of target specificity in patients.
Innovation Solution
A method combining an oncolytic virus vaccine and immune cells, where the oncolytic virus expresses tumor-associated antigens and is used in conjunction with immune cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors, enhancing tumor penetration and killing efficacy through synergistic anti-tumor mechanisms involving the oncolytic virus, cytokines, and immune cells.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If CAR-T cell immunotherapy is used to treat solid tumors, then hematological tumor treatment efficacy is improved, but solid tumor penetration ability and antigen target availability deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces oncolytic viruses as intermediary carriers that can penetrate solid tumor microenvironments and deliver tumor-associated antigens to immune cells. The virus acts as a mediator between the tumor tissue and the immune system, enabling CAR-T cells to target solid tumors that would otherwise be inaccessible due to microenvironmental barriers and antigen heterogeneity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs preliminary action by using oncolytic viruses to first infect and lyse tumor cells, releasing tumor-associated antigens and creating a more permeable tumor microenvironment before administering CAR-T cells. This preliminary viral action prepares the tumor site by breaking down physical barriers and presenting antigens that enhance subsequent immune cell infiltration and targeting
2Reliability
If oncolytic virus vaccine is used to target tumor cells, then tumor cell killing ability is improved, but ability to transform cold tumors into hot tumors deteriorates without immune cell combination
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges two therapeutic mechanisms into a unified treatment: oncolytic viral infection that directly kills tumor cells and releases antigens, combined with CAR-T cell therapy that provides sustained immune surveillance and killing. This combination merges immediate viral cytotoxicity with adaptive immune response, transforming cold tumors into hot tumors by activating immune infiltration and creating a synergistic anti-tumor effect
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The combination effectively targets and destroys tumor cells, transforming 'cold tumors' into 'hot tumors', improving cure rates and safety by ensuring the oncolytic virus is easily eliminated from normal cells while maintaining high tumor cell killing ability.
Implementation Method 1
Oncolytic viruses can specifically target and infect tumor cells, for example, by taking advantage of the inactivation or defects of tumor suppressor genes in tumor cells to selectively infect tumor cells. After oncolytic viruses infect tumor cells, they will replicate in large quantities in tumor cells and eventually destroy tumor cells
Implementation Method 2
The oncolytic virus vaccine can not only use the oncolytic virus itself to kill tumor cells and break the microenvironment of tumor tissue, but also use tumor-associated antigens expressed by the oncolytic virus to target tumor cells (MARK), transforming 'tumors that have no tumor-associated antigen target and cannot be treated' into 'tumors that have tumor-associated antigen targets and can be treated'
Implementation Method 3
Further, in order to improve the curative effect, cytokines may further be inserted into the oncolytic virus. Under the synergistic effect of three anti-tumor mechanisms: oncolytic virus, cytokine and immune cells, a greater anti-tumor effect is achieved
Data Source
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AI summary
The invention relates to the technical field of biomedicine, and specifically to a method for treating tumors using a combination of an oncolytic virus vaccine and immune cells. The method specifically comprises the following steps: treating a tumor by using a combination of immune cells and an oncolytic virus vaccine; the oncolytic virus vaccine comprising a recombinant oncolytic virus expressing a tumor antigen, and used for targeting tumor cells; the immune cells are embedded in an antigen receptor paired with the tumor antigen, and are used for killing or destroying tumor cells of a target; and the recombinant oncolytic virus comprises an M protein, G protein, N protein, P protein, and L protein, following site-directed mutagenesis. The combination of the oncolytic virus vaccine and the immune cells for killing or destroying the tumor antigen is used for attacking and killing tumor cells, and the tumor antigen expressed by the oncolytic virus vaccine can not only guide the immune cells to reach the center of a target tumor tissue, but the combination of the oncolytic virus and immune cells to kill tumor cells achieves a curative effect where 1+1 is greater than 2, with a maximum tumor cell killing rate being able to reach 100%.