One-Time Cookie Authentication for Time Synchronization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current technologies are inadequate in protecting against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks that disrupt time synchronization between network nodes by masquerading as trusted peers and sending illegitimate time-synchronization packets.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a system that uses a set of cookies for authenticating time-synchronization packets, where nodes exchange secret cookies during setup operations, and a processing unit identifies and validates these cookies to ensure the legitimacy of packets, thereby preventing illegitimate packets from being used in synchronization calculations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If nodes exchange secret cookies during setup operations to authenticate time-synchronization packets, then the reliability of time synchronization is improved, but the device complexity increases due to the need for cookie storage, identification, and validation mechanisms

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetime synchronization reliabilityVSAvoidauthentication mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by exchanging and storing secret cookies during the setup operation before actual time synchronization occurs. This pre-establishment of authentication credentials enables rapid validation of subsequent time-synchronization packets without complex real-time authentication negotiations, thereby improving reliability while managing device complexity through advance preparation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses copying by creating and storing duplicate copies of secret cookies in the receiving node's memory. These cookie copies serve as authentication references that can be quickly compared against incoming time-synchronization packets, enabling efficient validation without requiring continuous communication with the original source, thus balancing reliability with reduced operational complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Reliability

If the system validates each time-synchronization packet using cookie authentication, then protection against DoS attacks is improved, but the processing time and productivity are reduced due to additional validation steps

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveDoS attack protectionVSAvoidpacket processing speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements this principle by using simple, easily comparable cookie data structures that can be quickly validated and discarded. Each cookie serves as a single-use authentication token for time-synchronization packets, allowing the system to perform rapid validity checks without investing in complex, long-lived authentication mechanisms. This approach enhances DoS protection through consistent validation while minimizing processing overhead by using lightweight, disposable authentication objects

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Adaptability or versatility

If the system stores multiple cookies in memory for authentication, then the ability to handle multiple nodes is improved, but the loss of memory resources increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-node handling capabilityVSAvoidmemory resource consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the cookie storage into discrete, individually manageable units in memory. Each node's cookies are stored as separate entities that can be independently accessed and validated. This segmentation allows the system to efficiently handle multiple nodes by only loading and maintaining cookies for active or recently active nodes, thereby improving multi-node adaptability while controlling memory resource consumption through selective storage and automatic expiration of unused cookies

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP3322148B1Apparatus, system, and method for protecting against denial of service attacks using one-time cookies
Publication Date: 2020.04.08 JUNIPER NETWORKS INC
  • EP3322148B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3322148B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3322148B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The disclosed apparatus may include (1) a storage device that stores a set of cookies that facilitate authenticating packets received from a node within a network and (2) a processing unit communicatively coupled to the storage device, wherein the processing unit (A) receives at least one packet from the node, (B) identifies a cookie included in the packet received from the node, (C) searches the set of cookies stored in the storage device for the cookie included in the packet received from the node, (D) identifies, during the search of the set of cookies, the cookie included in the packet and (E) protects against a DoS attack by authenticating the legitimacy of the packet based at least in part on the cookie included in the packet being identified in the set of cookies stored in the storage device. Various other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also disclosed.