Open Balun Radiating Unit for Compact Multi-Band Antenna Gain
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Solution Overview
Problem
The increasing number of frequency bands in multi-frequency base station antennas leads to compact array arrangements, causing mutual coupling issues that degrade low-frequency radiation performance and increase horizontal beam width, resulting in reduced gain.
Innovation Solution
A high-frequency radiating unit with an open balun structure, featuring feeders arranged orthogonally and spaced from the center line, and a coupling metal plate above the radiator, reducing parasitic radiation and enhancing gain.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Area of stationary object
If the array arrangement of different frequency bands is made more compact to maintain or reduce antenna cross-sectional size, then the cross-sectional size is reduced, but mutual coupling between adjacent arrays is enlarged, widening horizontal beam width and decreasing gain
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a decoupling structure as an intermediary element between adjacent radiating units of different frequency bands. This decoupling structure acts as a mediator to reduce mutual coupling effects, allowing compact array arrangement while maintaining gain performance by suppressing the harmful electromagnetic interaction between neighboring elements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and isolates the high-frequency radiating unit from the low-frequency array structure. By separating the high-frequency element and its feeding system (with feeders arranged outside the oscillator base), the design reduces interference with low-frequency elements while maintaining compact overall dimensions.
2Device complexity
If feeders are arranged inside wiring grooves of balun structure, then structural integration is improved, but balun structure size increases and high-frequency parasitic radiation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the feeders from the internal wiring grooves of the balun structure and positions them outside the oscillator base. This extraction eliminates the need for closed balun structures, reduces the balun size, and significantly decreases high-frequency parasitic radiation by removing the feeders from positions that would act as parasitic radiators.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of placing feeders inside the balun structure as is conventional, the patent inverts the arrangement by positioning feeders outside the oscillator base. This inverted configuration achieves better high-frequency performance by reducing parasitic radiation while maintaining electrical connection functionality.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple frequency bands are integrated into a single antenna to save site and antenna resources, then site utilization is improved, but mutual coupling between frequency bands degrades radiation performance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs decoupling structures as intermediary elements between low-frequency and high-frequency radiating units. These intermediaries enable multi-frequency integration by suppressing mutual coupling, allowing both frequency bands to operate with acceptable radiation performance in a compact multi-frequency antenna configuration.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the antenna into distinct low-frequency and high-frequency radiating units with separate feeding systems. This segmentation allows independent optimization of each frequency band while using decoupling structures to manage interactions, achieving good radiation performance across multiple bands.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The open balun structure minimizes structural size, reduces parasitic radiation, and improves gain, while the coupling metal plate suppresses low-frequency parasitic radiation, achieving compact and high-performance antenna arrays.
Implementation Method 1
an oscillator base including a connecting portion, two first baluns, and two second baluns, wherein bottom ends of the two first baluns and the two second baluns are connected to the connecting portion
Implementation Method 2
a radiator including a first dipole and a second dipole that are arranged orthogonally, the first dipole including two first radiating plates, and the second dipole including two second radiating plates
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a high-frequency radiation unit and a multi-frequency base station antenna. The high-frequency radiation unit comprises a radiator, a vibrator base, a first feeding member and a second feeding member. The distance between a first vertical section and a center line is greater than the distance between a first balun and the center line, and the distance between a second vertical section and the center line is greater than the distance between a second balun and the center line, that is, the first vertical section is disposed on one side of the first balun away from the center line, and the second vertical section is disposed on one side of the second balun away from the center line.