3D Printing Open Chamber Gas Circulation Scalability

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing three-dimensional printing systems lack scalability and efficiency in processing large-sized objects, as they are limited by closed chambers and lack modular supply units and independent powder delivery systems, restricting the size and complexity of objects that can be manufactured.

Innovation Solution

A three-dimensional printing system with an open chamber that moves in the X, Y, and Z directions, featuring an interchangeable modular system with independent powder delivery and leveling, a scraper gantry, and real-time oxygen sensors for maintaining an inert atmosphere, allowing for scalable and modular construction of large objects by layer and tile, and using a fiber or diode laser with a galvanometer scanning mechanism.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a closed chamber is used to maintain inert atmosphere, then atmospheric control is improved, but scalability and processing area are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveatmospheric controlVSAvoidscalability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the inert atmosphere maintenance function from a closed chamber and implements it through a gas circulation system in an open chamber configuration. The gas circulation system with inlet nozzles and exhaust manifolds provides the necessary atmospheric control without requiring enclosure of the entire processing area, thereby enabling scalability while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a gas circulation system as an intermediary mechanism to maintain inert atmosphere in the processing area. This mediator (gas circulation system) allows the open chamber to function as if it were closed, providing atmospheric control through active gas management rather than passive enclosure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Device complexity

If powder delivery and leveling are integrated with the chamber, then system simplicity is improved, but independence and flexibility are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem integrationVSAvoidindependence
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the powder delivery and leveling functions into independent modules that operate separately from the chamber. The powder delivery unit and leveling device can be independently controlled and positioned, allowing flexible configuration and operation while maintaining overall system functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic, independently controllable powder delivery and leveling mechanisms that can adapt their operation to different processing requirements. The independent motorized control of these units allows them to respond flexibly to varying object geometries and material requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Reliability

If the chamber covers the entire table area, then atmospheric protection is improved, but scalability and modularity are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveatmospheric protectionVSAvoidmodularity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the atmospheric protection function from a monolithic chamber structure and redistributes it through a gas circulation system that covers only the necessary processing areas. This allows the chamber to be modular and scalable while maintaining adequate atmospheric protection through targeted gas delivery and circulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables the production of large, complex objects by allowing the processing area to be external to the chamber, ensuring scalability and efficient powder management, maintaining an inert atmosphere without turbulence, and optimizing powder usage and recovery, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional systems.

Implementation Method 1

a light beam radiating unit which radiates a light beam onto a powder layer to be sintered or melted

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser: Laser

Implementation Method 2

a powder layer to be sintered or melted, solidifying the powder for the construction of an object

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Implementation Method 3

a scanning mechanism which redirects and focuses the light beam in a three-dimensional space

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGalvanometer: Galvanometer

Implementation Method 4

at least one oxygen sensor arranged at several points of the chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxygen sensing:

Data Source

PatentEP3530382B1Three dimensional printing system
Publication Date: 2023.06.28 NIKON SLM SOLUTIONS AG

AI summary

The present application describes a three-dimensional printing system comprising a light beam radiating unit which may or may not be arranged above the object construction area and radiates a light beam, preferably a fiber laser or diode laser, onto the powder layer to be sintered or melted, solidifying the powder for the construction of an object, a scanning mechanism which redirects and focuses the light beam in a three-dimensional space, a cover that moves integrally with the scanning unit of the light beam, and involves a space above an area of the powder layer that is smaller than the object construction area, surrounding the light beam radiating zone, wherein an inlet nozzle and an exhaust manifold are installed, so as to ensure the necessary inert atmosphere to the process, thus allowing the process to take place in an open chamber; a powder delivery unit that supplies this material over the object construction area; a powder leveling device leveling the powder delivered from the powder delivery unit to form a powder layer, wherein the powder delivery unit and the powder leveling device move independently of the light beam radiating unit; a powder supply unit responsible for storing and metering material for the delivery unit, constituting a module independent from the system.