Traumatic Optic Nerve Injury Animal Model via Endoscopic Impact
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current animal models for traumatic optic nerve injury (TONI) fail to accurately replicate the clinical state of the injury, leading to low success rates, high animal mortality, and inability to effectively study pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies due to anatomical differences and heterogeneity in skull and optic canal anatomy.
Innovation Solution
A method involving computed tomography to select and expose the internal segment of the optic canal and adjacent structures in beagles using an endoscope and digital navigation surgical system, followed by controlled impact to simulate TONI, allowing for controllable and quantifiable optic nerve injury.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If closed method is used to fix the head of an animal with a helmet and impact the head to cause TONI, then the model is relatively consistent with the clinical TONI, but the success rate of preparation is extremely low and animals often die of severe craniocerebral injury
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the injury mechanism into two separate components: (1) creating a bony defect at the optic canal using a dental drill through a helmet, and (2) applying controlled impact force separately. This segmentation allows precise control over the injury mechanism while maintaining clinical relevance, resolving the contradiction between model consistency and preparation success rate
Solution Approach 2:
The bony defect at the optic canal is created in advance before impact application. This preliminary action ensures that the impact force will be concentrated at the predetermined location, significantly increasing the success rate of TONI model preparation while maintaining the clinical consistency of the injury mechanism
2Ease of operation
If open method is used to cut the periorbital skin and soft tissues to expose an optic nerve hole and impact the orbital bone, then the optic nerve can be directly accessed, but it is difficult to injury the optic nerve through force conduction and the model is different from the clinical TONI
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of exposing the optic nerve and impacting from the orbital side (open method), the invention inverts the approach by creating the bony defect and applying impact from the temporal region through the helmet, replicating the clinical closed TONI mechanism while maintaining operational feasibility
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extracts the essential element of TONI (the bony defect at the optic canal) from the complex open surgical procedure, creating a simplified helmet-based model that captures the core injury mechanism without requiring extensive tissue dissection, thus maintaining both ease of operation and model accuracy
3Ease of manufacture
If conventional methods of cutting, clamping compression, over-stretching, and impacting on the intraorbital side wall are used, then the optic nerve can be directly injured, but these methods are all different from the clinical state of TONI in respects of location of the force, characteristics of the external force, location and extent of the optic nerve injury
Solution Approach 1:
The invention converts the heterogeneity of animal skull anatomy from a harmful factor (making direct injury methods ineffective) into a beneficial feature by using the helmet to deliver force through the temporal bone, which naturally concentrates the impact at the optic canal regardless of individual anatomical variations, thus achieving both ease of application and high fidelity to clinical TONI
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method creates a bionic animal model that accurately reflects human TONI, with high success and survival rates, enabling precise experimentation and reducing craniocerebral injury, facilitating subsequent interventions like tissue sampling and microinjections.
Implementation Method 1
impacting the fully exposed internal segment of the optic canal with controllable impact force to cause optic nerve injury
Implementation Method 2
TONI is complicated by closed craniocerebral injury, and is an injury mainly resulted from 'deformation' of the skull due to elasticity as the blunt force acting on the tempus
Implementation Method 3
fully exposing an internal segment of an optic canal of the animal as well as adjacent anterior skull base, posterior ethmoid sinus and lateral sphenoid sinus walls by using an ethmoid sinus-sphenoid sinus operation pathway under an endoscope
Implementation Method 4
performing computed tomography (CT) on its head, and saving the scan data
Data Source
AI summary
A method for creating an animal model of traumatic optic nerve injury, including fully exposing an internal segment of an optic canal as well as adjacent anterior skull base, posterior ethmoid sinus and lateral sphenoid sinus walls through an ethmoid sinus-sphenoid sinus operation pathway under an endoscope, and impacting different sites of the internal segment of the optic canal with controllable impact force to cause optic nerve injury so as to prepare a controllable and quantifiable TONI bionic elastic injury animal model reflecting contusion to an internal segment of an optic canal in a human TONI clinical injury state. With less intracranial combined injury to the animal, the survival rate is high. Different sites of the optic canal are impacted with quantifiable elastic force for the quantitative and qualitative purposes with respect to the injured parts and the injury degree.