Optic Nerve Sheath Pulsatile Dynamics ICP Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current invasive methods for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring are risky and often unnecessary due to the lack of reliable non-invasive techniques, with existing non-invasive markers like optic nerve sheath diameter measurement being inaccurate for detecting raised ICP.

Innovation Solution

A method using transorbital ultrasound to detect pulsatile dynamics of the optic nerve sheath and surrounding tissue, calculating a parameter of deformability to assess ICP non-invasively, which involves measuring displacement at multiple locations and applying Fourier analysis to analyze motion patterns over a cardiac cycle.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If invasive methods are used for ICP monitoring, then measurement precision is improved, but object-affected harmful factors increase due to risk of infection and hemorrhage

Engineering Contradiction:

ImproveICP measurement accuracyVSAvoidrisk of infection and hemorrhage

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces invasive mechanical pressure sensors with non-invasive optical imaging (ultrasound) to measure ICP. The ultrasound system detects pulsatile dynamics of the optic nerve sheath and calculates a deformability parameter, substituting direct mechanical measurement with indirect optical observation that avoids infection and hemorrhage risks while maintaining diagnostic accuracy

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces the optic nerve sheath as an intermediary structure that transmits ICP information to the external measurement system. By measuring the pulsatile dynamics and deformability of this intermediary structure through ultrasound, the system indirectly obtains ICP data without direct brain penetration, eliminating the harmful effects of invasive procedures

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If non-invasive surrogate markers like ONSD are used, then object-affected harmful factors are reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates due to variable cutoff points

Engineering Contradiction:

ImproveinvasivenessVSAvoidICP detection accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-affected harmful factorsVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from static ONSD measurement to dynamic pulsatile dynamics measurement. By capturing the temporal variations in optic nerve sheath motion during the cardiac cycle and calculating deformability parameters, the system obtains time-resolved information that reflects ICP changes more accurately than static measurements, improving precision while maintaining non-invasiveness

Inventive Principle:

Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the measured parameter from simple diameter (ONSD) to pulsatile deformability characteristics. By analyzing the amplitude and frequency of optic nerve sheath oscillations and calculating a deformability parameter that incorporates multiple dynamic features, the system creates a more sensitive and specific marker for raised ICP that overcomes the limitations of variable static cutoff points

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Device complexity

If static diameter measurements are used, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates due to inability to capture dynamic characteristics

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvemeasurement system simplicityVSAvoidICP assessment accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes the periodic nature of cardiac pulsation to drive optic nerve sheath motion. By synchronizing ultrasound acquisition with the cardiac cycle and analyzing the periodic pulsatile dynamics, the system extracts ICP-related information from rhythmic variations in sheath deformability, improving measurement precision through temporal sampling without requiring overly complex continuous monitoring systems

Inventive Principle:

Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach provides a safe, accurate, and reliable non-invasive method for detecting increased or decreased ICP, reducing the need for invasive procedures and improving diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 87% using the deformability parameter.

Implementation Method 1

detecting the pulsatile dynamics of the optic nerve sheath, ONS... by using transorbital ultrasound

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectUltrasound: Ultrasound

Data Source

PatentEP3302234B1Apparatus and method for detecting pulsatile dynamics of the optic nerve sheath.

Publication Date: 2023.09.27 NISONIC AS

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AI summary

The invention relates to a new method, as well as diagnosis. A non-invasive marker, systems and equipment are also included.