Continuous Blood Pressure Tracking via Optical Transducer
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current blood pressure measurement methods, such as sphygmomanometers and tonometers, require manual calibration and are limited in their ability to continuously monitor blood pressure over extended periods without restricting blood flow, and they do not accurately estimate Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and other hemodynamic parameters in real-time.
Innovation Solution
A blood pressure measurement system using a tracking transducer and front end that provides a continuous signal correlated to arterial pressure, employing a processing system to calculate hemodynamic parameters like MAP, Pulse Pressure (PP), Systolic (Ps), and Diastolic (Pd) pressures using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and a cardiovascular model, allowing for continuous monitoring without physical restriction.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If manual sphygmomanometer and stethoscope are used to determine blood pressure, then Ps and Pd can be determined, but MAP estimation requires formula calculation and cannot be measured directly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical/manual sphygmomanometer system with an optical tracking transducer system that uses light absorption changes to detect arterial pressure waves, enabling direct continuous measurement of blood pressure parameters including MAP without requiring manual inflation/deflation cycles
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates an optical copy of the arterial pressure waveform by measuring light absorption changes in blood vessels, which correlates to pressure variations. This optical signal serves as a continuous proxy for direct pressure measurement, enabling derivation of MAP, Ps, and Pd from the tracked waveform
2Measurement precision
If oscillometric cuff based sphygmomanometers are used to determine MAP, Ps, and Pd directly, then formula estimation is avoided, but the cuff restricts blood flow during measurement
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the measurement function from the restrictive cuff system by using a tracking transducer that monitors light absorption changes in blood vessels. This removes the need for occlusive inflation while maintaining the ability to track arterial pressure waves continuously without restricting blood flow
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces light as an intermediary medium to transmit information about arterial pressure. The tracking transducer measures light absorption changes that correlate to pressure variations, providing an indirect but continuous measurement method that does not require physical restriction of blood flow
3Duration of action of moving object
If tracking transducer is used to provide continuous signal correlated to arterial pressure, then continuous monitoring without restriction is enabled, but processing complexity increases to calculate hemodynamic parameters
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary calibration by establishing the relationship between light absorption changes and actual blood pressure values during an initial measurement phase. This pre-established correlation enables subsequent continuous monitoring to directly derive hemodynamic parameters without requiring complex real-time calculations for each measurement point
4Productivity
If discrete Fourier transform and cardiovascular model are used to calculate hemodynamic parameters, then real-time estimation of MAP, PP, Ps, and Pd is achieved, but computational requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary calibration to establish the relationship between tracking signal characteristics and hemodynamic parameters. During continuous monitoring, the system applies pre-determined algorithms and models to the calibrated signal, enabling real-time calculation of MAP, PP, Ps, and Pd with reduced computational burden compared to performing full spectral analysis on every measurement
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate and continuous tracking of blood pressure parameters over extended periods, improving the reliability and efficiency of blood pressure monitoring by using a non-invasive, non-restrictive method that calculates hemodynamic values in real-time.
Implementation Method 1
The tracking transducer provides a transduced signal to the tracking transducer front end... The tracking transducer does not restrict blood flow and is not within the body
Data Source
AI summary
We disclose a system and method for estimating values of hemodynamic parameters of a subject, by calibrating arterial pressure during one time and tracking arterial pressure at another time.