Optical Blood Parameter Measurement with Pressure Validation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Non-invasive measurement techniques for blood parameters beyond oxygen saturation face challenges due to limited selectivity in spectral absorption, particularly for glucose concentration, and struggle with accuracy and reliability in natural blood kinetics.
Innovation Solution
Combining optical and fluid pressure measurement data from the same tissue site to improve the accuracy and reliability of blood parameter determination, by measuring pressure fluctuations that reflect volumetric blood changes and processing these data together with optical measurements during both normal and occlusive blood flow states.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If optical measurement techniques are used for blood parameters beyond oxygen saturation, then non-invasive measurement is achieved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to limited selectivity in spectral absorption
Solution Approach 1:
The measurement process is divided into multiple distinct phases: natural blood flow state measurement and occlusive state measurement. By segmenting the measurement into these separate states, the system can capture different optical characteristics of blood, thereby improving measurement precision for parameters like glucose concentration that have limited spectral differentiation.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically transitions between two measurement modes: natural blood flow state and occlusive state. This dynamic approach allows the optical properties of blood to change during measurement, creating greater variability in the optical signals that improves the selectivity and precision of blood parameter measurements beyond what is achievable with static measurements alone.
2Productivity
If measurements are taken during natural blood kinetics, then continuous monitoring is possible, but measurement precision deteriorates due to interfering effects
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements periodic occlusion cycles interspersed with natural flow measurement periods. During occlusion phases, measurements are taken under controlled blood flow cessation conditions that reduce interfering effects. During natural flow phases, continuous monitoring is maintained. This periodic alternation allows the system to achieve both continuous monitoring capability and improved measurement precision by regularly calibrating against the cleaner occlusive state signals.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses feedback from occlusive state measurements to correct and validate measurements taken during natural blood flow states. By comparing optical characteristics between the two states and using the occlusive state as a reference, the system can identify and compensate for interfering effects during continuous monitoring, thereby maintaining measurement precision throughout the monitoring period.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the accuracy and reliability of measured blood parameters by reducing interfering effects and validating optical data, providing more precise determination of analyte concentrations and oxygen saturation.
Implementation Method 1
non-invasive optical measurement techniques are based on detection of light transmitted through (or reflected from) the a tissue/organ of the examined subject, and employ spectrophotometric measurements to determine the presence of various blood constituents based on known spectral behaviors of these constituents
Implementation Method 2
an expandable element configured and operable to permit a pulsatile blood state in the tissue in an unexpanded state thereof, and to apply an occlusive blood state in the tissue in an expanded state thereof
Implementation Method 3
a pressure sensor configured and operable to generate pressure data indicative of pressure changes in the tissue in at least one of said pulsatile and occlusive blood states
Implementation Method 4
employ spectrophotometric measurements to determine the presence of various blood constituents based on known spectral behaviors of these constituents
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention provides techniques for measuring one or more parameters of a subject using a probe having an optical assembly configured and operable for applying optical measurements to a measurement location in a subject and generating optical measured data indicative thereof comprising at least one of pulsatile and occlusion measurements, a pressure system configured and operable for controllably applying pressure to the subject in the vicinity of the measurement location and measuring pressure inside the pressure system and generating pressure data indicative thereof, and a control system configured and operable for receiving and processing the pressure data to identify whether the optical measured data is valid, and for processing the valid optical measured data and determining at least one relation between the valid optical measured data and the corresponding pressure data indicative of at least one parameter of the subject.