Optical Challenge-Response Authentication for Secure Machine Access

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing authentication methods for machines, such as ATMs and vending machines, are vulnerable to relay attacks and hardware manipulation due to reliance on electronic communication and exposed interfaces, which complicates secure user authentication and authorization.

Innovation Solution

An optical challenge-response authentication method using a user device with a secure element, where challenges and responses are encoded in patterns like QR codes, transmitted optically, and verified without network communication, ensuring the machine's encapsulation and protection against hardware tampering.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If electronic communication interfaces are used for authentication, then ease of operation is improved, but security against relay attacks and hardware manipulation deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication convenienceVSAvoidsecurity against relay attacks
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces electronic communication interfaces with optical communication. The authentication data is displayed as visual patterns (e.g., QR codes) on a display device and captured by an optical sensor, substituting the electronic data transmission channel with an optical one. This eliminates the vulnerability to electronic relay attacks while maintaining user convenience through visual interaction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an optical interface as an intermediary between the user device and the machine. Instead of direct electronic communication, authentication information passes through visual patterns that are optically transmitted, creating a physical barrier that prevents electronic manipulation while enabling secure verification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Ease of operation

If electronic interfaces are exposed for authentication, then ease of operation is improved, but protection against hardware tampering deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication convenienceVSAvoidhardware manipulation vulnerability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces exposed electronic interfaces with an optical communication system. Authentication data is transmitted through visual patterns rather than electronic signals, eliminating direct electronic contact points that could be manipulated. The optical sensor and display device create a contactless interface that resists physical tampering.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts the authentication communication function from the electronic interface domain and relocates it to the optical domain. By separating the authentication data transmission from electronic circuits and exposing it as visual patterns, the system removes the vulnerability points associated with electronic hardware interfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Reliability

If optical communication is used for authentication, then security against relay attacks is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecurity against relay attacksVSAvoidoptical interface requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent leverages the universal presence of optical components in modern devices. Cameras and displays are standard features in smartphones and computers, so the optical authentication interface reuses existing hardware capabilities rather than requiring specialized components. This minimizes additional complexity while achieving enhanced security.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses the device's own existing optical components (camera for capturing patterns, display for showing patterns) to perform authentication. Rather than adding external specialized hardware, the device serves itself by utilizing its built-in optical interface capabilities, thereby avoiding increased complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP2949094B1Method for authenticating a user with respect to a machine
Publication Date: 2020.12.16 BUNDESDRUCKEREI GMBH
  • EP2949094B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2949094B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2949094B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for authenticating a user (116) with respect to a machine (100), comprising the following steps: - production of a challenge by the machine; - production of a first pattern, into which the challenge is coded, by the machine; - display of the first pattern on a display device (108) of the machine; - optical recording of the first pattern by a user device (106); - decoding of the first pattern by the user device in order to receive the challenge; - production of a response to the challenge by the user device; - production of a second pattern, into which the response is coded, by the user device; - display of the second pattern on a display device (124) of the user device; - optical recording of the second pattern by the machine; - decoding of the second pattern by the machine in order to receive the response; - check of the correctness of the response by the machine; - on condition that the response is correct, fulfilment of a function by the machine.