Optical Element Gradient Structure via Monomer Diffusion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for producing optical elements with gradient structures, particularly for holographic applications, face limitations in creating stable and high-quality refractive index gradients using biological polymers and organic matrices.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the preparation of a composition from polymerizable monomers and biological polymers, where a potential difference is generated to induce directed diffusion and local polymerization or polycondensation, forming a refractive index gradient through selective irradiation, allowing for the production of stable optical elements with controlled refractive index changes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If biological polymers are introduced into an organic matrix to form optical elements, then sequence information can be utilized for holographic applications, but the stability and quality of the refractive index gradient are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestability of refractive index gradientVSAvoidquality of optical element
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the chemical composition parameters of the matrix material and controlling the polymerization conditions. Specifically, it uses a matrix material containing polymerizable groups that can undergo polymerization to form a gel structure, and controls the polymerization degree and crosslinking density to achieve stable refractive index gradients while maintaining high optical quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs composite materials by combining biological polymers (DNA, RNA, or proteins) with an organic matrix material that contains polymerizable groups. This composite structure allows the biological polymer to provide sequence information for holographic applications while the polymerizable matrix provides structural stability and forms a gel network that maintains the refractive index gradient

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Manufacturing precision

If local polymerization is induced to form refractive index gradient, then directed diffusion of monomers can be achieved, but the process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverefractive index gradient formationVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies self-service by utilizing the inherent properties of the system to achieve the desired outcome. The monomers with polymerizable groups automatically undergo polymerization when exposed to appropriate conditions, creating the refractive index gradient through self-organization. The system uses its own components (monomers, biological polymers, and energy source) to produce the gradient structure without requiring complex external intervention

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs phase transitions by utilizing the transition from liquid monomer phase to gel phase through polymerization. This phase transition is driven by the polymerization reaction of the matrix material, which transforms the liquid composition into a gel structure with stable refractive index gradient, simplifying the overall process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

3Reliability

If biological polymers are used in organic matrix, then optical information can be stored, but the durability of the optical element is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical information storageVSAvoiddurability of optical element
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses composite materials to combine the information-storing capability of biological polymers with the structural durability of polymerizable matrix materials. The biological polymer (DNA, RNA, or protein) provides the sequence information for optical storage, while the organic matrix with polymerizable groups forms a protective gel network that enhances the overall durability and stability of the optical element

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies parameter changes by controlling the crosslinking density and gel structure parameters of the matrix material. By adjusting these parameters, the patent achieves a balance between maintaining the biological polymer's information-storing properties and providing sufficient structural support and protection for long-term durability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method enables the efficient and cost-effective production of high-quality optical elements with refractive index gradients suitable for holographic applications, enhancing durability and optical properties.

Implementation Method 1

The biological polymer itself appears to generate the species necessary for local polymerization. An advantage of the system according to the invention is therefore that it does not rely on the addition of thermal or photochemical crosslinking initiators.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoinduced polymerization: Photopolymerisation

Implementation Method 2

the polymerization or polycondensation leads to a depletion of polymerizable or polycondensable groups in the areas in which the polymerization or polycondensation takes place. This leads to a directed diffusion of monomers with unreacted polymerizable or polycondensable groups into the areas in which the polymerization or polycondensation is taking place or has taken place in order to compensate for the chemical potential difference.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDirected diffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 3

The potential difference is preferably a chemical potential difference. This chemical potential difference is preferably generated by exposure or electron irradiation, in particular by holographic or lithographic techniques or via the mask aligner technique. By selective irradiation or exposure of the composition, e.g. B. polymerization and/or polycondensation can be specifically triggered at local locations

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotopolymerization: Photopolymerisation

Data Source

PatentEP2380061B1Method for producing optical elements having a gradient structure and optical element having a gradient structure
Publication Date: 2017.12.06 LEIBNIZ INSTITUT FUR NEUE MATERIALIEN GMBH
  • EP2380061B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2380061B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2380061B1 patent drawingFigure 3a

AI summary

The invention relates to a composition and to a method for producing optical elements having a gradient structure, particularly for holographic applications, wherein the gradient structure is formed by a refractive index gradient. To this end, a composition is produced from one or more polymerizable and/or polycondensable monomers and at least one biological polymer, and a potential difference is generated for the directed diffusion of the monomers by inducing a local polymerization or polycondensation. The result is the formation of a refractive index gradient.