Optical Fiber Puncture Needle for Photodynamic Therapy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Photodynamic therapy is ineffective for deep tumors due to light absorption in the body, and current methods for detecting singlet oxygen yield are not rapid or accurate, leading to trauma and inefficiency during optical fiber puncture.
Innovation Solution
A photodynamic therapy diagnostic device with an optical fiber puncture needle featuring a tapered head, metal casing, and vibration motor, which allows for precise light delivery and fluorescence analysis, enabling efficient tumor treatment and simultaneous diagnosis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If the optical fiber is wrapped by a hard metal material to overcome resistance during puncturing, then the puncturing capability is improved, but the needle tubing becomes thicker and causes larger trauma and damage to normal vascular tissue
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies different material properties to different parts of the optical fiber assembly: the distal end (needle tip) uses a hard metal material for puncturing, while the proximal end uses a soft, flexible material for navigation. This local differentiation allows the hard puncturing function only where needed, minimizing trauma to surrounding tissues while maintaining effective puncturing capability at the tip.
Solution Approach 2:
The optical fiber assembly is divided into multiple segments with different material characteristics: a soft flexible proximal portion for navigation and a hard metal distal portion for puncturing. This segmentation allows each segment to perform its specific function optimally without the compromises required by a uniform structure.
2Force
If a large pressure is applied to perform puncturing with a thick needle tubing, then the puncturing force is improved, but the damage to normal vascular tissue and bleeding increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent concentrates the hard, force-applying material only at the distal puncture tip while keeping the proximal portion soft and flexible. This allows sufficient puncturing force to be applied locally at the target site without requiring high pressure throughout the entire needle, thereby reducing trauma to surrounding vascular tissue during insertion.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If the optical fiber is made thinner to reduce trauma, then the tissue damage is reduced, but the ability to overcome resistance during puncturing deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a gradient structure where the optical fiber transitions from a soft, thin proximal end to a hard, metallic distal end. This allows the fiber to remain thin overall (reducing trauma) while having a localized hard tip (maintaining puncturing capability). The soft proximal portion flexes to minimize tissue disruption, while the hard distal tip penetrates resistant tissues effectively.
Solution Approach 2:
The optical fiber is segmented into a soft navigation portion and a hard puncture portion, allowing each segment to be optimized for its specific function without compromising the other.
4Strength
If the optical fiber is made thicker to overcome puncturing resistance, then the puncturing capability is improved, but the flexibility and ability to navigate blood vessels deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies material property differentiation along the length of the optical fiber: the proximal portion uses soft, flexible material for easy navigation through blood vessels, while the distal portion uses hard metal material for effective puncturing. This local quality variation resolves the contradiction between flexibility and puncturing capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The optical fiber assembly is segmented into a flexible proximal section for navigation and a rigid distal section for puncturing, allowing each segment to perform its designated function optimally.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device improves light irradiation efficiency, reduces trauma, and allows for real-time fluorescence analysis, enhancing treatment effectiveness and accuracy while minimizing tissue damage.
Implementation Method 1
the photosensitizer absorbed by a tissue is excited by the irradiation of a specific wavelength of laser; and then the excited state of the photosensitizer transfers energy to the oxygen in the surrounding environment, to generate a highly active singlet oxygen
Implementation Method 2
the excited state of the photosensitizer transfers energy to the oxygen in the surrounding environment, to generate a highly active singlet oxygen
Implementation Method 3
With the aid of optical fiber, endoscopes, and other interventional techniques, the laser can be directed into the deep of body for treatment
Implementation Method 4
a fluorescence produced by the photosensitizer after absorbing the laser to enter the fluorescence analyzer via the optical fiber and the spectrocoupler; the fluorescence yield of singlet oxygen is an important indicator of the therapeutic efficacy
Data Source
AI summary
This disclosure provides a photodynamic therapy diagnostic device capable of optical fiber puncture. This device comprises an optical fiber, a laser, a spectrocoupler and a fluorescence analyzer; in which the optical fiber comprises a body portion and a puncture needle head, one end of the body portion is connected with the puncture needle head, and the other end is connected with the spectrocoupler; in which the spectrocoupler is connected with the laser and the fluorescence analyzer to enable a laser emitted by the laser to enter the optical fiber via the spectrocoupler, and a fluorescence produced by the photosensitizer after absorbing the laser to enter fluorescence analyzer via the optical fiber and the spectrocoupler. This therapy diagnostic device, the laser emits a laser with a wavelength that can be absorbed by the photosensitive drug; the laser can pass through the spectrocoupler and then pass through the optical fiber needle tubing, so as to reach the tumor site in the body. The red light is absorbed by the photosensitive drug in the tumor to produce singlet oxygen to kill the tumor cells. The photosensitive drug after being excited produces fluorescence which is collected and transmitted by the optical fiber. Then, the fluorescence enters the fluorescence analyzer via the spectrocoupler. Thereby, the fluorescence quantum yield and the therapeutic effect can be obtained by analyzing the related results, achieving the effect of simultaneous treatment and diagnosis.