Optical FIR Filter Equalization for Direct Detection Bandwidth

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Solution Overview

Problem

Direct detection optical communication systems face limitations in bandwidth due to limited optical and electrical component bandwidth, particularly in high-speed datacenter interconnects, where conventional optical FIR filters introduce significant signal loss and are not applicable for direct detection systems.

Innovation Solution

Implementing an optical finite impulse response (FIR) filter at the complementary signal path of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, followed by 90-degree polarization rotation and combination with the original signal using a polarization combiner, which enhances transmitter bandwidth without fundamental loss, enabling strictly lossless optical equalization.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If conventional optical FIR filters are used in direct detection optical communication systems, then bandwidth enhancement is achieved, but significant signal loss is introduced

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovebandwidthVSAvoidsignal loss
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies inversion by using the complementary output port of the MZM instead of the conventional single output port. By processing the complementary signal through the optical FIR filter and then combining it with the original signal, the system achieves bandwidth enhancement without the signal loss that plagues conventional approaches. This inverted approach to signal processing resolves the contradiction between bandwidth enhancement and signal loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter of signal processing by implementing lossless optical equalization through a specific combination of the original and complementary signals. By adjusting the weighting coefficients in the optical FIR filter and optimizing the combination of signals from different MZM output ports, the system achieves bandwidth enhancement while maintaining signal integrity and avoiding the significant signal loss associated with conventional optical FIR filters.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Speed

If electrical pre-equalization is used to enhance bandwidth, then transmission performance is improved, but power consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovebandwidthVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent substitutes electrical pre-equalization with an all-optical equalization system. By performing the equalization function entirely in the optical domain using optical FIR filters and optical signal combination, the system eliminates the need for high-power electrical signal processing. This substitution of electrical mechanisms with optical mechanisms resolves the contradiction between bandwidth enhancement and power consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Speed

If optical FIR filter is applied at the complementary signal path, then bandwidth is enhanced without fundamental loss, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovebandwidthVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent achieves multi-functionality by using the same MZM device to generate both the original and complementary signals, and by using the optical FIR filter to perform both filtering and signal combination functions. The optical combiner integrates multiple functions (signal combination, weighting, and phase adjustment) into a single device. This multi-functionality approach reduces the need for additional separate components, thereby managing device complexity while achieving bandwidth enhancement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach achieves a bandwidth enhancement of over 70% without reducing optical modulation amplitude, with lower power consumption compared to electrical pre-equalization, and can be used alone or in conjunction with electrical pre-equalization to improve transmission performance for high-speed optical communication systems.

Implementation Method 1

a Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM) configured to modulate laser light based on an electrical drive signal to generate a modulated optical signal and a complementary-modulated optical signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectro-optic modulation: Electro-Optic Effects

Implementation Method 2

an optical finite impulse response (FIR) filter configured to receive the complementary-modulated optical signal and generate a filtered optical signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical filtering: Filter (optical)

Implementation Method 3

a polarization rotator configured to receive the filtered optical signal and output a rotated optical signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPolarization rotation: Polarisation

Implementation Method 4

an optical combiner configured to combine the modulated optical signal and the rotated optical signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical interference: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP3776920B1A new optical equalization method for direct detection optical communication systems
Publication Date: 2023.05.03 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP3776920B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3776920B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3776920B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Systems and methods of transmitting direct detection optical signal are provided. A direct detection optical transmitter according to illustrative embodiments includes a Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM) configured to modulate laser light based on an electrical drive signal to generate a modulated optical signal and a complementary-modulated optical signal. The optical transmitter includes an optical finite impulse response (FIR) filter configured to receive the complementary-modulated optical signal and generate a filtered optical signal. The optical transmitter includes a polarization rotator configured to receive the filtered optical signal and output a rotated optical signal. The optical transmitter includes an optical combiner configured to combine the modulated optical signal and the rotated optical signal. The optical transmitter includes an output port configured to output the combined optical signal.