Optical LiDAR Environment Emulation for Scalable ToF Testing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for testing LiDAR systems are expensive, difficult to automate, and not scalable, as they often require outdoor environments or large physical models, making them impractical for developers and manufacturers.

Innovation Solution

A system and method for emulating an over-the-air environment for testing LiDAR units using optical processing chains, frequency shift emulators, selectable optical delays, and attenuators/amplifiers to replicate various conditions and scenarios.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If outdoor environments or large physical models are used for testing LiDAR systems, then the test environment provides realistic conditions, but the testing becomes expensive, difficult to automate, and not scalable

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetest environment realismVSAvoidtesting system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a virtual copy of the real-world environment using computer-generated 3D models and ray tracing algorithms. This virtual environment replicates the optical properties, geometry, and lighting conditions of physical scenes, allowing LiDAR testing without requiring actual outdoor or large-scale physical test setups. The virtual copy maintains realism while enabling automated, scalable, and cost-effective testing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/physical test environment with a computational/optical simulation system. Instead of using physical objects and outdoor spaces, the system uses ray tracing algorithms to simulate light propagation, reflection, and detection. This substitution transforms a mechanically complex physical setup into a computationally manageable virtual environment that can be easily modified and scaled.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Adaptability or versatility

If outdoor environments are used for testing LiDAR systems, then diverse real-world conditions can be tested, but the testing is not scalable and difficult to automate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetest condition diversityVSAvoidtesting scalability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a dynamic virtual environment where test conditions can be changed programmatically without physical reconfiguration. The system allows dynamic adjustment of scene geometry, object positions, lighting conditions, and environmental parameters through software control. This enables rapid switching between diverse test scenarios and facilitates automated testing sequences, greatly improving scalability and productivity while maintaining adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a universal virtual testing platform that can simulate multiple different real-world environments and conditions within a single system. The same computational infrastructure can generate urban scenes, natural landscapes, indoor environments, and various weather conditions, making the testing system versatile and scalable across different LiDAR applications without requiring separate physical test facilities for each scenario.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Reliability

If large physical models of real-world environments are built, then a well-defined test environment is provided, but the solution is large, expensive, and difficult to automate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetest environment definitionVSAvoidphysical resources required
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces physical test environments with virtual copies generated through computer graphics and ray tracing. These virtual environments maintain the geometric accuracy and optical properties needed for realistic LiDAR testing but require minimal physical resources. The entire test scene can be represented by digital models rather than physical constructions, dramatically reducing material requirements while preserving test validity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the fundamental parameter of the test environment from physical to virtual. By representing the environment as computational data (3D models, material properties, lighting parameters) rather than physical objects, the system achieves the same test definition capability with vastly reduced resource consumption. This parameter change enables the environment to be stored, transmitted, and modified digitally rather than requiring physical construction and modification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Provides a cost-effective, scalable, and controllable means to test LiDAR units by simulating diverse environments and conditions, maintaining optical coherence with the original signal, and emulating scenes with high precision.

Implementation Method 1

The system is configured to process received light optically to maintain coherence with light received from the LiDAR unit under test

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical coherence: Coherent Light

Implementation Method 2

a frequency shift emulator coupled to the plurality of optical fibers which is configured to create a frequency offset in the received optical signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDoppler shift: Doppler Effect

Implementation Method 3

a selectable optical delay device coupled to the frequency shift estimator and configured to selectively delay the optical signals to emulate a round-trip delay of reflected light

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTime of flight: Time of Flight

Implementation Method 4

at least one optical attenuator/amplifier configured to selectively control (attenuate or amplify) the amplitude of the optical signals to emulate different levels of reflectivity and path loss

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical attenuation: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentUS12399264B2System for emulating an environment for testing a time-of-flight (ToF) detection and ranging (LiDAR) system
Publication Date: 2025.08.26 NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS CORP
  • US12399264B2 patent drawing
  • US12399264B2 patent drawing
  • US12399264B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A system for emulating an over-the-air environment for testing a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) unit under test (UUT). The system may comprise a lens system that receives light from the LiDAR UUT and a plurality of optical processing chains. The system may generate light into free space based on the optical signals processed by each chain. The system may process received light optically to maintain coherence with light received from the LiDAR unit under test and may process all points in a LiDAR image simultaneously. The system may operate to emulate an over-the-air environment for a time-of-flight LiDAR UUT, a frequency modulated continuous wave LiDAR UUT, and/or a flash LiDAR UUT.