Optical Modulator Flexural Vibration Laser Frequency Shifting

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing laser Doppler measurement devices face challenges in efficiently shifting the frequency of laser light due to the limitations of quartz crystal AT vibrators, leading to increased costs from high-frequency modulation signals that require complex processing circuits.

Innovation Solution

An optical modulator employing a vibrator with flexural vibration and a diffraction grating arranged in parallel to the vibration direction, allowing for efficient frequency shifting of laser light with lower resonance frequencies, reducing the complexity and cost of processing circuits.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a quartz crystal AT vibrator with thickness-shear vibration is used, then the frequency of laser light can be shifted, but the resonance frequency is high which increases the complexity and cost of processing circuits

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency shifting capabilityVSAvoidprocessing circuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the vibration mode parameter from thickness-shear vibration to flexural vibration, which fundamentally alters the resonance frequency characteristics. This parameter change enables the use of lower frequency vibrations while maintaining the frequency shifting capability, thereby simplifying the processing circuit requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of using the conventional thickness-shear vibration mode that produces high frequency, the invention inverts the approach by utilizing flexural vibration mode. This inversion of the vibration mechanism achieves the same frequency shifting function but at lower frequencies, reducing circuit complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Device complexity

If only a quartz crystal AT vibrator is used, then the structure is simple, but the inner product of wave number difference and vibration vector is substantially zero making frequency shifting inefficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemodulator structureVSAvoidfrequency shifting efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention introduces a diffraction grating as an intermediary element between the laser light and the vibrator. This mediator converts the vibration direction to be substantially perpendicular to the incident laser light, enabling efficient frequency shifting while maintaining structural simplicity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention adds a spatial dimension by introducing a diffraction grating with grooves arranged in a specific direction. This dimensional addition transforms the vibration vector orientation, creating a non-zero inner product with the wave number difference vector and enabling effective frequency shifting

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables a cost-effective laser interferometer with improved measurement accuracy and resistance to disturbances by utilizing in-plane flexural vibration, achieving higher phase shifts and signal-to-noise ratios.

Implementation Method 1

a diffraction grating disposed in the vibration unit and having a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel along the first direction. A frequency of laser light incident on the diffraction grating is shifted.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

a laser Doppler measurement device that grasps a movement of a moving object... a shift amount of a frequency of the laser light is obtained by using heterodyne interference

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDoppler shift: Doppler Effect

Implementation Method 3

a vibrator including a vibration unit configured to perform flexural vibration along a first direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFlexural vibration: Vibration

Implementation Method 4

a photodetector configured to receive the laser light including a sample signal derived from an object and the modulation signal, and to output a light reception signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP4379315A1Optical modulator and laser interferometer
Publication Date: 2024.06.05 SEIKO EPSON CORP
  • EP4379315A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4379315A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4379315A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An optical modulator includes: a vibrator configured to perform flexural vibration along a first direction; and a diffraction grating disposed in the vibrator and having a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel along the first direction. A frequency of laser light incident on the diffraction grating is shifted. In addition, it is preferable that the vibrator includes a base portion, a first vibration arm and a second vibration arm disposed side by side along the first direction and coupled to the base portion, the first vibration arm and the second vibration arm perform the flexural vibration along the first direction, and the diffraction grating is disposed on at least one of the first vibration arm and the second vibration arm.