Optical Multiplexer Switch for Space Communication

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current Optical Cross-Connect (OXC) Switch technology is inadequate for space systems due to its ground-based design, lack of redundancy, and limited flexibility in handling noise and signal splitting, which are critical for reliable high-speed data exchange in space environments.

Innovation Solution

A combined optical device that integrates a demultiplexer with a two-dimensional directional light switch, utilizing microelements like Digital Micro-mirror Devices (DMD), Optical Phased Arrays (OPA), or Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) to enable high-bandwidth switching, noise filtering, and multicasting, while providing redundancy and graceful degradation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional OXC switch designs are used, then optical switching functionality is provided, but the weight of the payload increases and performance is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical switch performanceVSAvoidpayload weight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple optical functions (demultiplexing, switching, filtering) into a single integrated optical device. The demultiplexer separates WDM channels, while the spatial light modulator performs switching and the filter reduces ASE noise, all within one compact system rather than using separate ground-based OXC components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The optical device performs multiple functions simultaneously: demultiplexing WDM channels, switching optical signals to different destinations, filtering ASE noise, and providing redundant signal paths. This multi-functionality replaces what would traditionally require multiple separate ground-based optical components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If ground-based OXC switch technology is used, then optical signal switching is achieved, but flexibility in handling noise and signal splitting is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenoise filtering and signal splitting flexibilityVSAvoidsignal handling capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The spatial light modulator provides dynamic, reconfigurable control over optical signal routing and filtering. Unlike fixed ground-based OXC designs, this device can be dynamically adjusted to switch between different demultiplexed channels, modify signal paths, and adapt filtering characteristics in real-time based on operational requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The device enables flexible control of optical parameters including wavelength channel selection, signal routing destinations, and filtering characteristics. The spatial light modulator can change its transmission pattern to dynamically adjust which wavelengths are switched to which outputs, providing adaptable noise filtering and signal splitting capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If traditional optical components are used, then basic switching is provided, but redundancy and graceful degradation are not achieved

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveredundancy and graceful degradationVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The demultiplexer separates the optical signal into individual WDM channels, creating distinct signal paths for each wavelength. This segmentation allows the system to selectively route or filter specific channels while maintaining others, providing inherent redundancy where individual channel failures do not compromise the entire system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The device provides built-in redundant signal paths and filtering capabilities that prepare the system in advance for potential failures. The spatial light modulator can be configured to route signals through alternative paths or apply filtering to mitigate the impact of radiation-induced damage or component failures, enabling graceful degradation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enhances the reliability and performance of optical communication networks by allowing individual channel switching, reducing noise, and offering flexible multicasting and redundancy, thereby improving the reliability and longevity of space-based optical communication systems.

Implementation Method 1

receiving a plurality of optical input signals, each comprising a subset of available channel frequencies

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWavelength division multiplexing (WDM): Dispersion (of waves)

Implementation Method 2

a comb filter to remove Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) noise from each channel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical filtering: Filter (optical)

Implementation Method 3

a two-dimensional spatial light modulator to direct the optical signals to different output paths

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight reflection and modulation: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3170314B1Optical multiplexer switch for free space optical communication
Publication Date: 2023.08.30 RAYTHEON CO
  • EP3170314B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3170314B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3170314B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

Device and method for optically switching a plurality of optical input signals include: receiving the plurality of optical input signals, wherein one or more of the optical input signals represent multiple channels at different channel frequencies; collimating the received plurality of optical input signals; removing noise between the channels by a comb filter; dispersing the collimated optical signals so that signals of different wavelength are separated by different angles; focusing the optical signals separated by different angles on a light switch device having a plurality of micromirrors; and controlling the light switch by a control signal to direct one or more of the optical signals separated by different angles to one or more output fibers for multicasting of the optical input signals.