Handheld Optical Nerve Stimulation Device for MRI Safety
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional methods for optical nerve stimulation are limited by the use of metal probes in MRI environments, non-specific stimulation, damage to neurons, and the need for fragile microelectrodes, as well as the expense and bulkiness of free-electron lasers and other optical systems.
Innovation Solution
A self-powered, handheld device using an IR diode laser or LED, or a diode-pumped solid-state laser with a non-magnetic power supply, embedded in a compact form factor, allowing precise optical stimulation of nerves with visible and infrared light, and the option to combine IR and visible signals for precise nerve location and treatment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If metal probes are used for nerve stimulation in MRI environments, then electrical stimulation can be delivered, but safety risks increase due to projectile accidents from magnetic fields
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces metal-based electrical stimulation probes with an optical stimulation system using lasers and optical fibers. This substitution eliminates the interaction between metallic components and MRI magnetic fields, thereby removing the projectile accident risk while maintaining the ability to stimulate nerves through optical rather than electrical means
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the stimulation modality parameter from electrical to optical. By using laser light at specific wavelengths (e.g., 1064 nm) that can penetrate tissue and stimulate neurons without requiring metal conductors, the system achieves MRI compatibility while preserving nerve stimulation functionality
2Reliability
If traditional electrical stimulation methods are used, then nerve stimulation can be achieved, but non-specific stimulation and neuron damage occur
Solution Approach 1:
The optical stimulation system delivers light energy to a highly localized region around the optical fiber tip, creating a confined stimulation zone. This local delivery method ensures that only neurons in immediate proximity to the fiber are stimulated, preventing non-specific activation of distant neurons and reducing collateral damage to surrounding tissue
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses optical energy (light) as a substitute for direct electrical current application. Instead of injecting electrical current that spreads through conductive tissue, the system uses photons to indirectly stimulate neurons through optical absorption and subsequent electrochemical responses, providing more precise spatial control and reducing harmful electrical artifacts
3Measurement precision
If free-electron lasers are used for optical nerve stimulation, then precise stimulation can be achieved, but device size and cost increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs commercially available, inexpensive laser diodes and LEDs that emit at biologically effective wavelengths instead of expensive free-electron lasers. These compact, low-cost light sources can be easily integrated into handheld devices or implantable probes, making precise optical nerve stimulation accessible without requiring large, costly research-grade equipment
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses standard optical components (laser diodes, LEDs, optical fibers, lenses) that are widely available and serve multiple functions. The same basic platform can be adapted for different wavelengths, power levels, and application scenarios, eliminating the need for specialized, single-purpose free-electron laser systems
4Measurement precision
If microelectrodes are used for precise nerve stimulation, then individual neurons can be targeted, but device fragility and insertion difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces fragile metal microelectrodes with flexible optical fibers that deliver laser light to targeted neurons. The optical fiber approach eliminates the mechanical fragility and electrical artifact problems of microelectrodes while maintaining the ability to target individual neurons or small groups of neurons through precise optical delivery and visual guidance
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables safe, precise, and controlled optical stimulation of nerves, reducing the risk of damage and improving surgical accuracy, while being compatible with MRI environments and cost-effective.
Implementation Method 1
A method includes generating a light beam from a laser or light-emitting diode (LED) operable to emit optical radiation at a wavelength capable of stimulating a nerve
Implementation Method 2
generating a light beam from a laser or light-emitting diode (LED) operable to emit optical radiation
Implementation Method 3
different wavelengths have different penetration depths into various tissues
Data Source
AI summary
A hand-held self-contained nerve-stimulation device and method using light to provide a source of precise stimulation on one or more nerve fibers. In some embodiments, this simulation is provided through a device and method wherein a laser- or LED-light source is mounted to the handpiece. Light is passed from the light source through optical tip to simulate nerves. In some embodiments, the device is constructed from non-magnetic material such as glass, plastic or ceramics. In some embodiments, the light emanating from the optical tip can be controlled manually or automatically. In some embodiments, the handpiece contains a self-contained power source, such as batteries. In some embodiments, the handpiece is at least in part, activated by remote control in order to prevent moving the handpiece during activation. Some embodiments include a unit operable to sense a response of nerve stimulation and to suppress a laser-ablation surgery operation.