Optical Network-on-Chip Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current optical network-on-chip systems face network congestion due to the inability to adaptively adjust transmission paths based on network status, leading to imbalanced load issues.
Innovation Solution
An optical network-on-chip with n-x+1 clusters, each containing an optical router, electrical routers, and optical transceivers, where a main controller dynamically allocates adaptively interconnected transceivers to links with the heaviest communication traffic, establishing additional links between clusters to manage traffic and prevent interference.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If a fixed routing algorithm (X-Y) is used in optical network-on-chip, then the network structure is simple and easy to implement, but network congestion occurs when load is imbalanced due to inability to adaptively adjust transmission paths
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces dynamic path selection capability to the optical network-on-chip by allowing the system to adaptively choose between direct optical paths and indirect electrical-optical paths based on real-time network status. The main controller dynamically adjusts routing decisions, transforming the static X-Y routing into a dynamic adaptive routing system that can respond to load imbalances and prevent network congestion.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the routing function into multiple components: fixedly interconnected optical transceivers for direct optical paths, adaptively interconnected optical transceivers for dynamic path selection, and a main controller for routing decisions. This segmentation allows the system to maintain simple fixed routing for normal operations while enabling adaptive path selection when needed, resolving the contradiction between simplicity and adaptability.
2Productivity
If adaptively interconnected optical transceivers are added to establish additional links between clusters, then link bandwidth utilization improves and network congestion is reduced, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The adaptively interconnected optical transceivers serve multiple functions: they can establish direct optical links between clusters when bandwidth is needed, or remain inactive when not required. The same hardware infrastructure supports both fixed and adaptive interconnection modes, providing multi-functionality without proportionally increasing complexity. The main controller manages these transceivers to provide adaptive routing capabilities while maintaining overall system simplicity.
3Loss of time
If optical interconnection is used instead of electrical interconnection, then latency is reduced and power consumption is lowered, but optical caching technology is not yet mature making it difficult to temporarily store optical information
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses electrical routers as intermediary components between optical transceivers. Optical information can be transmitted rapidly over optical links to reduce latency, while electrical routers serve as mediators that can temporarily store and buffer optical information converted to electrical signals when optical caching is not available. This intermediary approach maintains the speed advantages of optical interconnection while compensating for the lack of mature optical caching technology.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution dynamically adjusts bandwidth between clusters, reducing the likelihood of network congestion and enhancing link bandwidth utilization by allocating resources effectively based on traffic demand.
Implementation Method 1
each optical transceiver is configured to convert an electrical signal received from the electrical router into an optical signal and send the optical signal to the optical router, and convert an optical signal received from the optical router into an electrical signal and send the electrical signal to the electrical router
Implementation Method 2
turning wavelengths of each row and each column are different, which avoids interference, implements simultaneous transmission of optical information of multiple nodes in a same waveguide
Implementation Method 3
two groups of MRRs (MRRs in the left direction of an x-axis and MRRs in the right direction of the x-axis) below modulate the information as optical information of a wavelength required for turning
Data Source
Figure 1a~1b
Figure 2a~2b
Figure 2c
AI summary
According to an optical network-on-chip and a method and an apparatus for dynamically adjusting optical link bandwidth that are provided in embodiments of the present invention, each fixedly interconnected optical transceiver in a cluster in the optical network-on-chip is configured to establish, by using an optical router, a link between the cluster and one cluster in other n-x clusters except the cluster, to exchange an optical signal; and a main controller in the cluster is configured to: allocate x adaptively interconnected transceivers to k fixed links with the heaviest communication traffic according to a set rule and communication traffic of fixed links established by n-x fixedly interconnected optical transceivers in the cluster; and for an adaptively interconnected optical transceiver in the x adaptively interconnected optical transceivers, control, after the adaptively interconnected optical transceiver is allocated to a link in the k fixed links with the heaviest communication traffic, the adaptively interconnected optical transceiver to establish a link, except the fixed link, between two clusters connected by the fixed link.