Coherent Optical OFDM Frequency Offset Estimation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Coherent optical OFDM systems face challenges in accurately estimating frequency offsets and down-converting signals due to high carrier frequencies and phase noise, making existing methods from wireless and wireline systems impractical.

Innovation Solution

A method and system that utilize a training sequence with a pilot sub-carrier to estimate intermediate frequencies through phase shift determination and filtering, allowing for efficient down-conversion of OFDM signals into baseband, even with large frequency offsets and high phase noise.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If complex signal processing schemes are used for frequency offset estimation, then frequency offset estimation accuracy is improved, but memory and processing requirements increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency offset estimation accuracyVSAvoidmemory and processing requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the frequency offset estimation process into two distinct stages: a first estimation stage using a training sequence to obtain a coarse frequency offset estimate, and a second refinement stage using the pilot sub-carrier to obtain a fine frequency offset estimate. This segmentation allows each stage to use appropriately simplified processing methods, avoiding the need for complex single-stage estimation schemes while achieving high overall accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary frequency offset estimation using the training sequence before processing the main data. This preliminary action provides a coarse estimate that enables subsequent down-conversion and pilot isolation, making the final fine estimation feasible with reduced complexity. The preliminary estimation prepares the signal in advance for the refinement stage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Measurement precision

If existing frequency offset estimation methods from wireless and wireline systems are applied to optical OFDM systems, then frequency offset estimation can be performed, but the methods become impractical due to excessive memory and processor requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency offset estimation capabilityVSAvoidpractical applicability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the estimation task into two phases: initial estimation from training sequence and refinement from pilot sub-carrier. This segmentation adapts the estimation process to optical OFDM constraints, making it practical by reducing the computational burden on any single processing stage while maintaining estimation accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a two-stage estimation approach where the first stage provides a sufficient (but not perfect) estimate that enables the second stage to achieve high precision. This partial action in the first stage is adequate for the purpose of enabling the final precise estimation without requiring full precision from the initial stage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Productivity

If high carrier frequencies and high data rates are used in optical OFDM systems, then transmission capacity is improved, but phase noise increases making frequency offset estimation more difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransmission capacityVSAvoidfrequency offset estimation reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the frequency offset estimation into coarse and fine stages, where the fine stage specifically addresses phase noise effects. By separating these tasks, the patent can apply appropriate techniques for each: the coarse stage handles large frequency offsets from carrier frequency mismatches, while the fine stage using the pilot sub-carrier specifically corrects for phase noise-induced frequency errors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a pilot sub-carrier as an intermediary element that specifically targets phase noise compensation. This pilot sub-carrier acts as a mediator between the high-frequency transmission signal and the frequency offset estimation process, providing a dedicated reference for measuring and correcting phase noise effects without interfering with the main data transmission.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP2207316B1Coherent optical intradyne OFDM
Publication Date: 2011.03.23 ALCATEL LUCENT SA
  • EP2207316B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2207316B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4a
  • EP2207316B1 patent drawingFigure 4b~5

AI summary

The present invention relates to the field of optical OFDM transmission systems. A method and system for down-converting an OFDM signal into a baseband is described. The OFDM signal comprises a number of OFDM sub-carriers at an OFDM sub-carrier spacing. The method comprises the step of receiving, at an optical OFDM receiver (100), a training OFDM signal comprising a training sequence (302) and a pilot sub-carrier (403). The training sequence (302), when sent at a corresponding OFDM transmitter, comprises T identical training sub-sequences (303-1-303-8). The pilot sub-carrier (403), when sent at the corresponding OFDM transmitter, corresponds to a pre-determined OFDM sub-carrier. Furthermore, the method comprises the step of determining (201,501) a phase shift between two training sub-sequences received at the OFDM receiver. The method then determines (201, 501) a first estimate (206,505) of the intermediate frequency based on the determined phase shift. Finally, it isolates (202,502) the pilot sub-carrier (403) using the first estimate (206,505) of the intermediate frequency and down-converts the OFDM signal using the isolated pilot sub-carrier (403).