Optical Pilot Tone Phase Noise Mitigation in Interferometry

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing optical interferometry systems face challenges in accurately measuring phase or time delays due to phase noise introduced by opto-electrical components, which affects high-precision length measurements, such as those required for gravitational wave detection.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of an optical pilot tone with a known original phase is applied to the detector arrangement, allowing for the determination of phase noise and the calculation of a delay correction value, which is then applied to the measurement signal to eliminate phase noise.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If optical interferometry is used to measure phase or time delays, then measurement precision is improved, but phase noise is introduced by opto-electrical components

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvephase measurement precisionVSAvoidphase noise
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

An optical pilot tone with a known original phase is introduced as an intermediary signal through the detector arrangement. This pilot tone serves as a reference to measure and characterize the phase noise introduced by the opto-electrical components. By comparing the original phase with the measured phase of the pilot tone, the system can quantify the phase noise and apply corrections to the measurement signal, thereby resolving the contradiction between achieving high precision and avoiding phase noise

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements a feedback mechanism where the phase difference between the original pilot tone phase and the measured pilot tone phase is continuously monitored. This phase difference information is fed back to calculate a delay correction value, which is then applied to compensate for the phase noise in subsequent measurements. This closed-loop feedback approach enables the system to maintain high measurement precision while actively counteracting the phase noise introduced by the detector arrangement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Measurement precision

If delay correction is applied to eliminate phase noise, then measurement accuracy is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelength measurement accuracyVSAvoidsignal processing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The optical pilot tone acts as a mediator that carries information about the phase noise characteristics through the detector arrangement. By using this intermediary signal, the system can extract phase noise information without requiring complex direct measurement of the noise itself. The pilot tone simplifies the characterization process while enabling accurate correction of the measurement signal

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system creates a copy of the measurement path by sending the optical pilot tone through the same detector arrangement as the measurement signal. This copied path provides a reference that mirrors the phase noise characteristics. By comparing the original and measured phases of the pilot tone copy, the system can derive correction values that are applied to the actual measurement signal, reducing complexity compared to direct noise measurement approaches

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly enhances the accuracy of length measurements by eliminating phase noise introduced by optical and electrical domain components, thereby improving the precision of interferometric measurements.

Implementation Method 1

The detector arrangement is configured to receive the optical pilot tone, to sense the phase of the received optical pilot tone

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase sensing:

Implementation Method 2

Interferometry, a technique that is used to extract information and measure physical parameters based on interference of superimposed electromagnetic waves, in particular optical beams of coherent light

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterference: Interference

Implementation Method 3

Optical signals can be used to transmit information between two communication components (transmitter, receiver)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP4239280B1Phase noise mitigation in photodetection chains with an optical pilot tone
Publication Date: 2025.06.04 AIRBUS DEFENCE & SPACE GMBH
  • EP4239280B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4239280B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4239280B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

Systems and methods for operating an optical arrangement (100) are described. An optical pilot tone with an original phase is applied to a detector arrangement (28) and received by the detector arrangement (28). The detector arrangement (28) senses a phase of the received optical pilot tone and determines a pilot tone delay between the phase of the received optical pilot tone and the original phase of the optical pilot tone. A delay correction value is determined based on the determined pilot tone delay. The delay correction value is applied to a signal of a first beam (19) containing measurement information received by the detector arrangement (28), wherein the detector arrangement (28) senses a phase or time delay of the first beam. Thereby, phase noise introduced by the detector in the optical and electrical domain of the optical arrangement (100) into the first beam can be quantified and reduced.