Optical Position Measuring Device with Chirped Reference Marking

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing optical position measuring devices with divergent illumination do not effectively utilize chirped reference markings to generate high-resolution reference signals, and are sensitive to changes in scanning distance and contamination.

Innovation Solution

An optical position measuring device with a material measure and a scanning unit using divergent illumination, featuring mirror-symmetrically arranged reference marking subfields with locally variable graduation periods, and a detector arrangement with elements whose center distances change in the same direction as the graduation periods, ensuring high-resolution reference pulse generation with reduced sensitivity to scanning distance and contamination.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If divergent illumination is used in optical position measuring devices, then the system can operate without collimated beams, but the generation of high-resolution reference signals using chirped reference markings is not effective and the system becomes sensitive to scanning distance changes and contamination

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveillumination typeVSAvoidreference signal resolution
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The detector arrangement is designed with locally varying properties - the spacing between detector elements changes across the array to match the chirped graduation periods in the reference marking. This local adaptation allows each detector element to optimally receive and process the corresponding spatial frequency component of the reference signal, enabling high-resolution reference signal generation despite divergent illumination

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the spatial arrangement parameter of the detector elements - the center distances between adjacent detector elements are varied to correspond to the locally variable graduation periods. This parameter matching compensates for the divergent beam effects and enables effective chirped reference marking utilization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If divergent illumination is used with conventional detector arrangements, then the system is simpler to implement, but it becomes sensitive to changes in scanning distance between scale and scanning unit

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical system complexityVSAvoidscanning distance sensitivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The detector arrangement uses variable spacing between elements that corresponds to the chirped reference marking structure. This parameter matching creates a relationship where the detection geometry adapts to the reference marking, reducing sensitivity to scanning distance variations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Object-affected harmful factors

If single-field scanning is used, then contamination sensitivity is reduced, but the signal amplitude and immunity to interference are lower

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontamination sensitivityVSAvoidsignal immunity to interference
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The detector arrangement is optimized for single-field scanning by matching the detector element spacing to the local graduation periods. This local optimization ensures that the entire illuminated field of the reference marking contributes effectively to signal generation, maximizing signal amplitude and interference immunity while maintaining contamination resistance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution generates high-resolution reference signals with large amplitudes, high immunity to interference, and low signal noise, effectively using the entire illuminated field of the reference marking.

Implementation Method 1

The scanning means comprise at least one light source that radiates divergently in the direction of the material measure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDivergent illumination:

Implementation Method 2

The position measuring device is based on what is known as an interferential scanning principle, in which the first grating in the scanning beam path is collimated, i.e. it is illuminated with a parallel beam of rays. The displacement-dependent scanning signals in the form of the incremental and reference signals are obtained from the constructive and destructive superimposition of several partial beams of rays

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 3

a detector arrangement with elements that are arranged along the measuring direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP2318812B1Optical position measuring device
Publication Date: 2014.11.26 DR JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GMBH
  • EP2318812B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2318812B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP2318812B1 patent drawingFigure 4a~4c

AI summary

The present invention relates to an optical position measuring device for detecting the position of two objects that are movable relative to each other in at least one measuring direction. The position measuring device has a material measure connected to one of the two objects, said measure comprising an incremental scale extending in the measuring direction, and at least one reference marking at a reference position. The reference marking comprises two reference marking partial fields being disposed mirror-symmetrically relative to a reference marking symmetry axis, each of said partial fields consisting of a structure, extending in the measuring direction, having a locally changing graduation period. The position measuring device further has a scanning device connected to the other of the two objects, wherein scanning means are associated with the scanning device, said means being used for generating at least one reference signal at the reference position. The scanning means comprise at least one light source that emits in a divergent manner in the direction of the material measure, and a detector arrangement having elements that are disposed along the measuring direction such that starting from a central detector arrangement symmetry axis and extending in the measuring direction, the center distances between adjacent elements change in the same direction as they do starting from the reference marking symmetry axis of the graduation periods of the structures in the reference marking partial fields.