Optical Multiplexing via Power Level Differentiation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current optical communication systems face limitations in bandwidth utilization, particularly with WDM, which does not fully exploit available bandwidth and requires additional fibers for increased capacity, leading to costly and complex infrastructure expansions.

Innovation Solution

The use of multiple light sources transmitting at different power levels on the same wavelength allows for increased bandwidth by employing detection models, such as Poisson probability distributions, to differentiate between data streams and account for interference, enabling efficient utilization of existing fibers without the need for additional infrastructure.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If Wavelength Division Multiplexing is used to create multiple channels, then bandwidth capacity increases, but device complexity and infrastructure cost increase due to requiring additional fibers for increased capacity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebandwidth capacityVSAvoidinfrastructure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple data streams onto a single optical fiber by using multiple light sources transmitting at the same wavelength but different power levels. This merging approach eliminates the need for additional fibers while increasing bandwidth capacity, directly resolving the contradiction between productivity improvement and device complexity increase.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the power level parameter of light sources to differentiate between multiple data streams transmitted on the same wavelength. By using detection models that analyze photon counts and account for interference patterns at different power levels, the system achieves multiplexing without requiring additional infrastructure, thus improving bandwidth capacity while maintaining simple infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If multiple light sources transmit on the same wavelength with different power levels, then bandwidth utilization increases, but measurement precision deteriorates due to interference between streams

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebandwidth utilizationVSAvoiddata stream differentiation accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs detection models that use feedback from observed photon counts to differentiate between multiple data streams. The receiver analyzes the statistical distribution of photon arrivals and uses this information to reconstruct the original data streams, compensating for interference effects and maintaining high measurement precision despite multiple simultaneous transmissions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the power level parameter of transmitted light sources and corresponds this with detection models that analyze photon count statistics. By modeling the interference patterns that arise from different power level combinations, the system can accurately differentiate between data streams, thus improving bandwidth utilization while maintaining measurement precision through statistical analysis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly increases bandwidth capacity, allowing multiple data streams to be transmitted on a single fiber, doubling or tripling the bandwidth, while simplifying hardware and software requirements for demultiplexing, and adapting to varying transmitter conditions.

Implementation Method 1

a light source at one end that transmits one or more data streams by modulating the data stream into light signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight emission: Light

Implementation Method 2

These light signals pass through a medium such as air or a glass fiber with internally reflective surfaces (a fiber optic fiber)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInternal reflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 3

a receiver which employs a photon detection module to detect the light signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhoton detection: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3939186B1Optical devices, systems, and machine-readable mediums that send and receive multiple streams of data across a same optical communication path with a same wavelength using different light sources transmitting at different power levels
Publication Date: 2022.12.14 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP3939186B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3939186B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3939186B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Disclosed in some examples, are optical devices, systems, and machine-readable mediums that send and receive multiple streams of data across a same optical communication path (e.g., a same fiber optic fiber) with a same wavelength using different light sources transmitting at different power levels - thereby increasing the bandwidth of each optical communication path. Each light source corresponding to each stream transmits at a same frequency and on the same optical communication path using a different power level. The receiver differentiates the data for each stream by applying one or more detection models to the photon counts observed at the receiver to determine likely bit assignments for each stream.