Optical Biometric Authentication via Pulse Wave Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing biometric authentication methods face challenges in reliability, particularly in distinguishing between real and fake fingers, and are limited by environmental interference, such as ultrasound noise, making them unsuitable for wide-scale facility installation.
Innovation Solution
A biometric authentication system using optical means to irradiate a human finger with light, acquiring images of luminance changes, converting them into pulse wave biometric information, and determining authentication reliability based on pulse wave amplitude, thus avoiding interference and ensuring the authenticity of the finger.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If ultrasound is used to measure blood flow rate for fake finger detection, then authentication reliability is improved, but device complexity increases due to additional ultrasonic transmitter and receiver components
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the ultrasonic measurement system with an optical imaging system. Instead of using ultrasonic transmitters and receivers to measure blood flow, the invention uses an imaging unit to capture images of the finger, converting optical information into biometric data for fake finger detection. This substitution eliminates the need for complex ultrasonic hardware while maintaining authentication reliability.
2Reliability
If ultrasound is used for biometric authentication, then fake finger detection capability is improved, but adaptability deteriorates due to environmental noise interference from inverters and other facilities
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes ultrasonic waves with optical waves for biometric authentication. The imaging unit captures light reflected from or transmitted through the finger, converting optical signals into biometric information. This optical approach eliminates sensitivity to electromagnetic noise from inverters and other environmental sources, enabling widespread deployment across diverse facilities including airports, offices, and public buildings.
3Device complexity
If only fingerprint images and blood vessel patterns are used for authentication, then device complexity is reduced, but authentication reliability deteriorates because cut fingers from other persons can be falsely authenticated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces pulse wave information as an additional verification layer. The biometric authentication unit analyzes pulse wave characteristics obtained through imaging to determine blood flow dynamics. This feedback mechanism checks whether the finger is alive and belongs to the authenticated person, preventing false authentication of cut fingers from other persons while maintaining relatively simple device architecture.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enhances the reliability of biometric authentication, preventing false authentication of fake or cut fingers and can be installed in a variety of facilities without environmental interference, ensuring high security.
Implementation Method 1
an illumination unit for irradiating a human finger with light
Implementation Method 2
receiving light scattered at the human finger that is a part of the light with which the human finger is irradiated by the illumination means
Implementation Method 3
converting the received light to luminance information according to the intensity of the light
Data Source
AI summary
A biometric authentication apparatus 10 according to the present invention can be installed in facilities such as airports in order to improve the reliability of biometric authentication to ensure a high level of security. The biometric authentication apparatus 10 includes a illumination unit 11 which irradiates a human finger with light; an image acquisition unit 13 which acquires a plurality of images indicating changes in luminance by receiving light scattered at the human finger that is a part of the light with which the human finger is irradiated by the illumination unit 11 and converting the received light to luminance information according to the intensity of the light; an image-to-biometric-information conversion unit 14 which converts the plurality of images acquired by the image acquisition unit 13 to biometric information indicating a pulse wave in the human finger; and a biometric authentication unit 16 which performs biometric authentication when a pulse wave signal which is the biometric information resulting from the conversion by the image-to-biometric-information conversion unit 14 is greater than a predetermined threshold.