Optical Rack-Cluster Links for Long-Reach High-Bandwidth Switching

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-bandwidth copper cables used in data centers have high loss per unit length, limiting the number of racks that can be directly connected to a single switch, which restricts communication efficiency and scalability.

Innovation Solution

Implementing an optical communication system using dual-mode optical switches and optical fibers to connect sleds within data centers, enabling high-bandwidth, low-latency connections across multiple racks through a unified network architecture.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If copper cables are used for high-bandwidth communication, then communication bandwidth is improved, but cable length is limited due to high loss per unit length

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecommunication bandwidthVSAvoidcable length
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSLength of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces optical cables as an intermediary medium to replace copper cables for connections exceeding the copper cable length limit. Optical cables serve as a mediator that enables long-distance, high-bandwidth communication without the signal loss constraints of copper cables, while copper cables continue to be used for shorter connections where they remain effective.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Loss of energy

If copper cables with limited length are used, then cable loss is controlled, but the number of racks that can be directly connected to a single switch is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal lossVSAvoidnumber of connectable racks
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a universal communication infrastructure that supports both copper and optical cable connections. The system can adaptively select the appropriate cable type based on distance requirements, enabling a single switch to connect to a larger number of racks by using optical cables for distant connections and copper cables for nearby connections, thus increasing overall system versatility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Adaptability or versatility

If optical communication system is implemented, then scalability and connectivity are improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem scalabilityVSAvoidcommunication system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a dynamic cable selection mechanism where the system automatically chooses between copper and optical cables based on the specific connection requirements. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to scale efficiently without requiring complex manual configuration, as the system intelligently determines the optimal cable type for each connection scenario.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution allows for increased scalability and performance by enabling longer cable lengths and improved connectivity among sleds, supporting both Ethernet and high-performance computing protocols, while allowing for dynamic resource pooling and efficient maintenance automation.

Implementation Method 1

Implementing an optical communication system using dual-mode optical switches and optical fibers to connect sleds within data centers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical fiber transmission: Optical Fibre

Data Source

PatentEP3488619B1Technologies for optical communication in rack clusters
Publication Date: 2021.05.12 INTEL CORP
  • EP3488619B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3488619B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3488619B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Technologies for optical communication in a rack cluster in a data center are disclosed. In the illustrative embodiment, a network switch is connected to each of 1,024 sleds by an optical cable that enables communication at a rate of 200 gigabits per second. The optical cable has low loss, allowing for long cable lengths, which in turn allows for connecting to a large number of sleds. The optical cable also has a very high intrinsic bandwidth limit, allowing for the bandwidth to be upgraded without upgrading the optical infrastructure.