Optical Sectioning via Spectral Multiplexing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for generating optical sectional images require multiple steps and mechanical adjustments, leading to inaccuracies, high costs, and limitations in applications like microscopy, particularly when dealing with changing wavelengths or weak light signals.

Innovation Solution

A device that projects and records only two illumination patterns, eliminating the need for precise alignment of the illumination structure with the detector and allowing for faster, more robust scanning with improved signal-to-noise ratio, and enabling axial chromatic correction without mechanical elements.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If multiple illumination patterns are projected and recorded to generate optical sectional images, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time increases due to multiple steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical sectioning precisionVSAvoidimage generation time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The illumination pattern is segmented into multiple wavelength components that are projected simultaneously onto the sample. Each wavelength component carries different phase information, allowing the system to extract optical sectioning data from multiple virtual patterns in a single exposure, thereby reducing the number of sequential steps required

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from temporal multiplexing (sequential projection of patterns) to spectral multiplexing (simultaneous projection of multiple wavelengths). By adding the spectral dimension, the system encodes multiple illumination patterns across different wavelengths that can be captured simultaneously and later decoded to retrieve optical sectioning information

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Adaptability or versatility

If mechanical elements are used to adjust the position of the projected structure, then adaptability is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to positioning inaccuracies and artifacts

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveposition adjustment capabilityVSAvoidpositioning accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical positioning systems with a computational approach. Instead of physically moving the illumination structure to different positions, the system projects multiple wavelength patterns simultaneously and uses digital processing to simulate the effect of positional variations. This eliminates mechanical artifacts and positioning inaccuracies while maintaining full adaptability through software control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If bandpass filters are used to transmit specific wavelength ranges, then measurement precision is improved for color discrimination, but loss of information increases due to opacity of other wavelengths

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewavelength discrimination precisionVSAvoidspectral information loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a分光棱镜 (spectral beam splitter) that simultaneously directs multiple wavelength ranges to different detection channels. This universal optical element handles all spectral components in a single pass, eliminating the need for sequential bandpass filtering and preventing information loss that would occur with opaque filters blocking non-target wavelengths

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Measurement precision

If precise alignment of illumination structure with detector is implemented, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealignment precisionVSAvoidalignment mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements self-alignment through the optical design itself. The illumination patterns are projected through the same optical path as the detection system, and the wavelength-based encoding scheme inherently references the optical axis. This self-referential design automatically ensures proper alignment without requiring external adjustment mechanisms or complex alignment procedures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables faster and more accurate generation of optical sectional images with reduced mechanical complexity, improved robustness, and enhanced signal quality, suitable for various applications including microscopy and fluorescence microscopy.

Implementation Method 1

The light distributions projected into or onto the object are scattered, reflected, transmitted by it, absorbed or stimulate fluorescence or luminescence

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical reflection and transmission: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

Here a structure, for example a grid, is projected into the sample to be imaged. This creates a modulation of the light distribution in the sample

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStructured illumination modulation: Interference

Implementation Method 3

The light distributions projected into or onto the object are scattered, reflected, transmitted by it, absorbed or stimulate fluorescence or luminescence

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluorescence: Fluorescence

Data Source

PatentEP2137488B1Method and assembly for optical reproduction with depth discrimination
Publication Date: 2012.08.08 SCHWERTNER MICHAEL
  • EP2137488B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2137488B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2137488B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a method and an assembly for generating optical split images. The invention permits the three-dimensional, layered optical scanning of spatially extended objects (10) and is used in microscopy, but is not limited to this field. In said method, periodically distributed exposures (3) are projected in one spatial direction into a plane (9) and fluorescent and/or luminescent light that is reflected and/or scattered and/or emitted by the sample (10) is reproduced on a local-resolution detector (11). According to the invention, a calibration step is first carried out, in which step the local phase and/or the local period of the distributed exposures are determined for each location on the detector (11). In the sample detection mode, two distributed exposures are projected into or onto the sample (10) to calculate each split image and the resultant intensity distributions are reproduced on the detector (11). The method steps for projecting and detecting two exposure light distributions are repeated as often as desired, in particular for different focal positions of the sample (10) and/or different exposure wavelengths and the intensity distributions are used to calculate at least one optical split image from the captured intensity distributions with the aid of the local phase and/or local period.