Optical Temperature Sensor Head for EMI-Free Motor Winding Sensing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional temperature sensors used in vehicles and electrical machines are prone to failure due to thermal expansion, require large construction, and are affected by electromagnetic interference, making them unsuitable for precise temperature measurement in harsh environments with limited space and strong magnetic fields.

Innovation Solution

An optical temperature sensor head using a polymer optical fiber (POF) with a sensor material, such as ruby crystals, is integrated directly onto the winding wire of an electric machine, providing an optical connection and a protective overmold to prevent heat dissipation and environmental interference, allowing for precise temperature measurement.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional temperature sensors with electrical measuring elements are used, then temperature measurement is possible, but the sensor construction becomes large and requires electromagnetic shielding

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature measurement capabilityVSAvoidsensor construction size and electromagnetic shielding
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces electrical measuring elements with an optical measurement system. A luminescent material is excited by light from an LED, and the luminescence intensity or decay time is measured optically. This substitution eliminates the need for electrical connections and electromagnetic shielding, significantly reducing sensor complexity while maintaining temperature measurement capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an optical fiber as an intermediary to transmit light to and from the luminescent material. This allows the measuring system to be separated from the sensor head, enabling compact sensor construction without requiring complex electrical connections at the measurement point

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If conventional temperature sensors with multiple components are used, then temperature measurement is possible, but the sensor is prone to failure due to thermal expansion differences

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature measurement capabilityVSAvoidsensor service life under temperature cycles
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the electrical measuring element and its supporting structure with a purely optical system. The luminescent material's optical properties change with temperature, allowing measurement without mechanical connections that would be subject to thermal expansion stresses. This significantly improves reliability in applications with temperature cycling

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a luminescent material (such as a phosphor or ruby crystal) that combines the functions of temperature sensing and optical interaction. This composite approach eliminates the need for multiple separate components with different thermal expansion coefficients, thereby improving reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Measurement precision

If conventional temperature sensors are used in locations with strong magnetic fields, then temperature measurement is possible, but electromagnetic shielding is required to prevent measurement errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature measurement accuracyVSAvoidelectromagnetic shielding
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces electrical signal transmission with optical signal transmission. Since optical fibers and luminescent materials are immune to electromagnetic interference, the sensor can be used in strong magnetic fields without requiring electromagnetic shielding, thus reducing device complexity while maintaining measurement accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Measurement precision

If conventional temperature sensors with electrical connections are used, then temperature measurement is possible, but the sensor requires large contact surfaces

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature measurement capabilityVSAvoidcontact surface diameter
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces electrical connections with optical coupling. The optical fiber can be coupled to the luminescent material with a very small contact area, eliminating the need for large contact surfaces required by electrical connections. This enables temperature measurement in locations with limited space

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses an optical fiber with a flexible protective coating that can be brought into close proximity with the luminescent material. This flexible optical connection requires minimal contact area compared to rigid electrical connections, reducing the required contact surface diameter

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution offers a compact, mechanically stable, and interference-resistant temperature measurement system that accurately measures temperatures within electric machines, even in harsh conditions, with multiple sensors possible using a single light source and detector.

Implementation Method 1

optical temperature sensor head (101), in particular the sensor material (102) which is brought into thermal contact with the object whose temperature is to be measured and emits luminescence radiation when excited by light from a light-emitting diode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLuminescence: Luminescence

Implementation Method 2

the intensity of the emitted luminescence radiation is measured in two different wavelength ranges, and then the temperature of the sensor material emitting the luminescence radiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoluminescence: Photoluminescence

Implementation Method 3

optically connected to a free end of an optical fiber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical fiber transmission: Optical Fibre

Implementation Method 4

A protective overmold prevents heat dissipation from the sensor material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal insulation: Thermal Insulation

Implementation Method 5

sensor material (102) which is brought into thermal contact with the object whose temperature is to be measured

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP3910303B1Optical temperature sensor head, temperature sensor device and electric machine with a temperature sensor head
Publication Date: 2025.11.12 NEXANS SA
  • EP3910303B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3910303B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2D
  • EP3910303B1 patent drawingFigure 2E~2G

AI summary

An optical temperature sensor head is proposed, comprising an optical fiber and a sensor material optically connected to the free end of the optical fiber. The free end of the optical fiber is overmolded with a plastic material that overlaps the fiber and forms a protective body. A transparent window is arranged within this protective body, allowing optical communication with the free end of the optical fiber. Luminescence from the sensor material can penetrate the optical fiber. The protective body ensures that the temperature sensor head is mechanically stable and insensitive to environmental influences. Furthermore, a temperature sensor device incorporating such a temperature sensor head is proposed. Finally, an electrical machine is proposed, featuring a winding with a winding wire connected to the proposed temperature sensor head.