Optical Sensor Dielectric Pillars Sub-Diffraction Resolution

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current optical sensors for detecting analytes in samples face challenges in achieving high spatial resolution and sensitivity, particularly in characterizing the presence and location of analytes with existing technologies like surface plasmon resonance sensors.

Innovation Solution

The development of an optical sensor utilizing dielectric pillars on a metallic layer, which creates nano-scale apertures that concentrate light through surface plasmon resonance, allowing for sub-diffraction limit imaging and enhanced spatial resolution by focusing light to volumes smaller than the wavelength of light, enabling precise detection of analytes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional surface plasmon resonance sensors are used, then analyte detection is achieved, but spatial resolution is limited by diffraction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespatial resolutionVSAvoiddetection sensitivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical parameters of the sensor by introducing dielectric pillars with specific refractive indices and geometries, which modify the local optical field distribution and enable sub-diffraction limit resolution while maintaining detection sensitivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The sensor employs a composite structure combining metallic layers with dielectric pillars, creating a hybrid material system that leverages the plasmonic properties of metals and the optical confinement capabilities of dielectrics to achieve enhanced spatial resolution

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Measurement precision

If light is focused to smaller volumes, then spatial resolution improves, but light intensity and signal strength decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocalization precisionVSAvoidlight intensity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSIllumination intensity

Solution Approach 1:

The dielectric pillars create locally enhanced optical fields at their surfaces, concentrating light intensity precisely where analyte binding occurs. This local field enhancement maintains high signal strength even as the overall illumination volume decreases, enabling both sub-diffraction resolution and sufficient detection sensitivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables high spatial resolution and sensitivity in detecting analytes, allowing for precise localization of analytes within a sample, even when they are not specifically bound to the dielectric pillars, and can detect both fluorescently labeled and untagged molecules or particles.

Implementation Method 1

A plurality of dielectric pillars 106 can be provided on or adjacent the top surface of the metallic layer 104... concentrating light into regions 107 just above each of the dielectric pillars 106

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSurface plasmon resonance: Resonance

Data Source

PatentEP3492915B1Optical sensor for analyte detection
Publication Date: 2020.12.09 CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH
  • EP3492915B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3492915B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3492915B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

Devices, systems, and methods for detection of an analyte in a sample are disclosed. In some embodiments, an optical sensor (100) can include a light source (110), a detector (120), a metallic layer (104) and a plurality of dielectric pillars (106) extending through the metallic layer. The metallic layer (104) and the plurality of dielectric pillars (106) are designed such that a plurality of regions of concentrated light (107) can be supported in proximity to the ends of the plurality of dielectric pillars (106) at one side of the metallic layer thereof when an opposite surface of the metallic layer is illuminated by the light source. Concentrated light within one or more of these regions can interact with an analyte molecule (112) and can be detected by the detector (120) positioned on the same side as these regions, allowing for detection of the analyte .