Optical Voltage Sensor Assembly for DC Measurement

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing optical voltage sensors integrated into gas-insulated switchgear face challenges in measuring direct current (DC) voltages due to space charge accumulation, which affects dielectric strength and signal stability, and are prone to stray field influences, leading to signal drifts over time.

Innovation Solution

An optical voltage sensor assembly featuring a gas-tight compartment with an electro-optic crystal and electrodes, where the crystal is attached via transparent base elements with elastic fixation, ensuring minimal space charge buildup and insensitivity to time-dependent residual space charges, and the electrodes are designed to maintain optimal electric field distribution without a surrounding insulating tube, allowing for accurate DC voltage measurement.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If an insulating tube surrounds the electro-optic crystal, then mechanical support and insulation are provided, but space charge accumulation occurs affecting dielectric strength and signal stability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedielectric strengthVSAvoidsignal stability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the insulating tube that surrounded the electro-optic crystal in prior art. Instead, the crystal is mounted directly on the high-voltage electrode surface using adhesive, eliminating the source of space charge accumulation while maintaining mechanical support and electrical insulation through the electrode structure itself.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent integrates the mechanical support and electrical insulation functions directly into the high-voltage electrode structure. The electrode serves both as the electrical component and as the mechanical mounting substrate, eliminating the need for a separate insulating tube that would cause space charge problems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Stability of the object's composition

If rigid fixation is used for the electro-optic crystal, then mechanical stability is achieved, but mechanical vibrations and shock affect measurement accuracy

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical stabilityVSAvoidvoltage measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies adhesive material between the electro-optic crystal and the high-voltage electrode to provide cushioning against mechanical vibrations and shock. This adhesive layer absorbs mechanical disturbances before they reach the crystal, preventing measurement errors while maintaining stable electrical contact.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

3Device complexity

If the crystal is in direct contact with insulation gas, then compact design is achieved, but reactive decomposition products affect the crystal

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural complexityVSAvoidcrystal integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies a protective coating on the surface of the electro-optic crystal that is selectively permeable or reactive. This coating allows the crystal to remain in direct contact with the insulation gas for compact design, while the coating layer specifically protects against reactive decomposition products, maintaining crystal integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Reliability

If transparent conductive coating is applied on crystal facets, then electrical contact is improved, but optical properties may be affected

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical contact reliabilityVSAvoidoptical transmission
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSIllumination intensity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the parameters of the transparent conductive coating, including thickness, material composition, and optical wavelength range, to achieve a balance between electrical conductivity and optical transparency. By carefully controlling these parameters, the coating provides reliable electrical contact while minimizing degradation of optical transmission properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides stable and accurate voltage measurements for DC voltages by minimizing space charge accumulation and stray field influences, ensuring reliable operation and maintaining dielectric strength, while being adaptable for both DC and AC voltage measurements.

Implementation Method 1

Both embodiments employ an electro-optic crystal that exhibits linear birefringence in the presence of electrical fields transverse to the direction of light propagation.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLinear birefringence: Birefringence

Implementation Method 2

the voltage measurement is reduced to a measurement of local electrical field

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectro-optic effect: Electro-Optic Effects

Implementation Method 3

The periodic piezo-electric deformation of the crystal as a result of an applied alternating current (AC) voltage produces a differential optical phase shift of light waves propagating in the fiber which serves as a measure for the voltage.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezo-electric deformation: Piezoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3271734B1Assembly of gas-tight compartment and optical voltage sensor
Publication Date: 2019.10.23 ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
  • EP3271734B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1b
  • EP3271734B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3271734B1 patent drawing

AI summary

The invention relates to an assembly of a gas-tight compartment (1a) and an optical voltage sensor that further comprises a module (1c). The module (1c) comprises an electro-optic crystal (9) and electrodes (7, 8), wherein the electro-optic crystal (9) is the only element of the module (1c) to mechanically connect the two electrodes (7, 8) and to bridge the potentials of the two electrodes (7, 8). The assembly is particularly suited to measure direct current voltages.