Optically Variable Element with Faceted 3D Image
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing optically variable elements lack the ability to create complex, distinctive three-dimensional images with improved security and decorative features, which are essential for advanced security and graphical applications.
Innovation Solution
A planar optically variable element comprising first optical sub-elements arranged in a two-dimensional polygonal grid to form a three-dimensional image of facets, with second optical sub-elements providing additional images, such as elongate features, that are overlaid over selected boundaries between the first sub-elements, utilizing micro-structures like reflection diffraction gratings, transmission diffraction gratings, micro-prisms, and micro-mirrors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional printed images or simple optical elements are used, then manufacturing is simple and cost-effective, but security features and visual distinctiveness are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The optical element is divided into multiple discrete optical sub-elements (micro-prisms, diffraction gratings, or micro-lenses) arranged in specific patterns. Each sub-element contributes to the overall optical effect, creating complex security features through the collective behavior of many simple components rather than requiring a single complex structure
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from two-dimensional printed graphics to three-dimensional optical structures that manipulate light in multiple dimensions. The optical sub-elements create depth perception, variable images, and spatial effects that cannot be achieved with planar printing, significantly enhancing security features
2Reliability
If variable or three-dimensional optical elements are used, then visual distinctiveness and security features are improved, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses optical copying principles where two-dimensional arrays of micro-structures create three-dimensional visual effects. The optical sub-elements are essentially copies or representations of optical functions that, when arranged together, reproduce complex visual phenomena without requiring actual three-dimensional objects
Solution Approach 2:
The invention manipulates optical parameters such as refractive index, diffraction angles, and reflection properties of the micro-structures to achieve variable visual effects. By changing these parameters in the micro-scale structures, complex optical behavior is achieved through simple manufacturing processes
3Adaptability or versatility
If complex faceted three-dimensional images are created, then decorative and security features are enhanced, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The optical sub-elements are arranged in asymmetric patterns and configurations that create faceted three-dimensional images. The asymmetric arrangement of micro-prisms, gratings, or lenses produces variable visual effects from different viewing angles, enhancing both decorative appeal and security verification
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables the creation of complex, recognizable three-dimensional images that enhance security and decorative features, providing improved authenticity and visual appeal by forming a three-dimensional image of facets with additional elongate features, making them more complex and distinctive than traditional non-faceted images.
Implementation Method 1
each of the first optical sub-elements is comprised of a micro-structure of at least one of: a reflection diffraction grating; a transmission diffraction grating
Implementation Method 2
each of the first optical sub-elements is comprised of a micro-structure of at least one of: a reflection diffraction grating; a transmission diffraction grating; a micro-prism; and a micro-mirror
Implementation Method 3
each of the first optical sub-elements is comprised of a micro-structure of at least one of: a reflection diffraction grating; a transmission diffraction grating; a micro-prism; and a micro-mirror
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2A~2B
Figure 3
AI summary
Provided is an optically variable element comprising: a plurality of first optical sub-elements, the optical properties of the first optical sub-elements being configured to cooperate to form a three-dimensional image of an arrangement of facets when light is incident thereon; wherein a first optical sub-element corresponds to a facet of the arrangement of facets in the three-dimensional image.