Bilayer Organic Transparent Electrode for Low-Resistance Indoor OPV

The patent removes the indium tin oxide layer from the device structure and replaces it with organic polymer layers. This extraction of the problematic material eliminates the complex deposition process while maintaining the electrode's functional requirements through alternative organic materials that can be applied using simpler techniques.

The patent employs organic polymer materials that are less expensive and easier to process than indium tin oxide. These organic materials can be deposited using inkjet printing or other low-cost methods, replacing the expensive and complex metal oxide deposition process with more economical alternatives.

The patent substitutes expensive indium tin oxide with cheaper organic polymer materials that maintain adequate charge collection functionality. This material replacement significantly reduces manufacturing costs while preserving the essential electrical performance required for charge collection.

The patent changes the material parameters from inorganic metal oxides to organic polymers, altering the deposition method from complex physical vapor deposition or chemical deposition to simpler techniques like inkjet printing. This parameter change reduces both material cost and manufacturing complexity.

The patent employs composite organic polymer structures that combine multiple materials with complementary properties. These composite organic electrodes achieve optimal balance between transparency, conductivity, and charge collection efficiency, reducing series resistance under indoor lighting conditions while maintaining good charge collection.

The patent optimizes the electrical and optical parameters of the electrode layers by selecting specific organic polymer combinations and thicknesses. This parameter optimization reduces series resistance and improves charge collection efficiency under indoor radiation conditions.

The patent optimizes the inkjet printing parameters including droplet size, deposition speed, and ink composition to achieve precise layer thickness control. By adjusting these parameters, the process maintains simplicity while achieving the required manufacturing precision for functional electrode layers.

The patent employs multiple deposition passes or overlapping patterns to achieve precise thickness control. Instead of relying on single-pass precision, the process uses partial overlaps and cumulative deposition to reach the target thickness, maintaining manufacturing simplicity while achieving precision through iterative application.