Organic Nitro Combustion Improvers for Gasoline
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing gasoline combustion additives tend to decompose at low temperatures, limiting their effectiveness in internal combustion engines, as they fail to survive the entire combustion regime without dissociating at temperatures around 673 degrees K, which is close to the ignition point.
Innovation Solution
An organic nitro compound with a C—NO2 bond dissociation energy ranging from 60 to 80 Kcal/mol, selected from nitro-aromatics, heteroatom aromatic ring compounds, and nitrated furfuryls, is used as a gasoline combustion improver to enhance ignition properties and survive higher temperatures without dissociation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If organic nitro compounds with low bond dissociation energy are used as combustion improvers, then ignition properties are improved at low temperatures, but the compounds decompose before reaching the ignition point, reducing effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the bond dissociation energy parameter of the organic nitro compound from typical values below 60 Kcal/mol to a specific range of 60-80 Kcal/mol. This parameter modification allows the compound to remain stable at combustion temperatures while still providing effective ignition promotion, resolving the contradiction between reliability and stability.
2Reliability
If cetane improvers are added to gasoline to improve ignition, then ignition properties improve, but octane rating deteriorates due to pro-knock effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by selecting specific organic nitro compounds with particular molecular structures (nitro-aromatics, heteroatom aromatic ring compounds, heteroatom nonaromatic ring compounds, and nitrated furfuryls) that have distinct local chemical properties. These specific structures provide ignition improvement without the pro-knock effects that plague conventional cetane improvers in gasoline.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameter by using organic nitro compounds with C—NO2 bond dissociation energy of 60-80 Kcal/mol, which fundamentally alters the combustion characteristics compared to traditional cetane improvers, eliminating knock tendency while maintaining ignition improvement.
3Productivity
If organic additives are designed to survive high temperatures, then combustion efficiency improves, but the additives must maintain stability at temperatures close to ignition point which is difficult for most organics
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the bond dissociation energy parameter to a specific range (60-80 Kcal/mol) that provides optimal thermal stability. This parameter optimization allows the additive to survive combustion temperatures without premature decomposition, achieving both high combustion efficiency and thermal stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite molecular structures combining aromatic rings or heteroatom rings with nitro groups, creating a composite chemical structure that inherently provides both the reactivity needed for combustion improvement and the thermal stability required to survive combustion temperatures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of these organic nitro compounds improves ignition properties, leading to increased power, torque, thermal efficiency, and reduced emissions by maintaining stability and effectiveness throughout the combustion cycle, resulting in improved fuel economy and combustion efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
Cetane improver fuel additives, such as 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and di-tert-butyl peroxide, function at low temperatures (550-700K) of the internal combustion engine combustion cycle by promoting radical generation forcing ignition
Implementation Method 2
organic nitro compound with C—NO2 bond dissociation energy ranging from about 60 to about 80 Kcal/mol
Implementation Method 3
above which all the —NO2 is used up and the additives are transformed to hydrocarbon fragments with similar combustion characteristics as the base fuel
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a gasoline combustion improver comprising an organic nitro compound with C—NO2 bond dissociation energy of about 60 to about 80 Kcal/mol of compound, wherein the organic nitro compound is selected from the group consisting of nitro-aromatics, heteroatom aromatic ring compounds, heteroatom nonaromatic ring compounds, and nitrated furfuryls, and wherein the organic nitro compound is not nitrotoluene or dinitrotoluene.