Organic Random Polymer Structure to Eliminate Isomers in NIR Devices
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing organic optoelectronic devices face challenges with isomer formation during synthesis of non-fullerene acceptor polymers, leading to performance variability and high production costs, due to the use of 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene) malononitrile as the polymerization site, which complicates separation and purification.
Innovation Solution
The use of the 3-position of thiophene as the polymerization site for organic random polymers, eliminating isomer formation and simplifying synthesis, while allowing for tunable absorption wavelengths and improved thermal stability, enabling large-scale production with non-halogenated solvents.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If the 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene) malononitrile (IC) terminal group is used as the polymerization reaction position, then non-fullerene acceptor materials can be synthesized, but isomers are formed during modification which are difficult to separate, resulting in polymers containing different isomeric forms and performance variability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the problematic IC terminal group from the polymerization site and replaces it with a furan ring structure. This extraction of the harmful element (IC group that causes isomer formation) eliminates the separation difficulty while maintaining the core functionality of the non-fullerene acceptor material.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical structure parameter by introducing a furan ring at the polymerization position instead of the IC terminal group. This structural parameter change fundamentally alters the polymerization mechanism to prevent isomer formation, achieving both ease of manufacture and manufacturing precision.
2Ease of manufacture
If small molecules are used in organic semiconductor devices, then material synthesis is straightforward, but they are prone to crystallization when devices are heat treated causing defective devices
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines the advantages of both small molecules and polymers by creating a polymeric non-fullerene acceptor material. The polymer structure prevents crystallization and improves thermal stability while maintaining the ease of synthesis and processability characteristic of small molecule materials.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite polymeric structure that integrates the beneficial properties of different material classes. The polymer backbone provides thermal stability and prevents crystallization, while the incorporated non-fullerene acceptor units maintain good processability and synthesis feasibility.
3Reliability
If high molecular weight polymers are used, then thermal stability is improved and crystallinity is reduced, but synthesis and purification become more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by introducing specific functional groups (furan rings) at critical positions in the polymer chain. This localized structural modification enables controlled polymerization that produces high molecular weight polymers with uniform structures, simplifying purification while maintaining thermal stability.
4Ease of operation
If halogenated solvents are used for polymer processing, then solubility and processability are improved, but environmental friendliness and safety are compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the solvent parameter from halogenated to non-halogenated types. This is achieved by modifying the polymer structure (using furan rings instead of IC groups) to improve compatibility with environmentally friendly solvents, maintaining processability while eliminating harmful environmental effects.
Data Source
AI summary
An organic random polymer comprises a structure of Formula I:The organic random polymer utilizes the 3-position of a sulfur-containing five-membered heterocycle as the polymerization site rather than the end of 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene) malononitrile, and thus there are no isomers. The organic random polymer can be tailored by adjusting the y-block to absorb light in the shortwave infrared region and exhibit good thermal stability. The present invention also provides an organic optoelectronic device comprising a first electrode, an active layer, and a second electrode. The active layer contains the organic random polymer. This organic optoelectronic device demonstrates good external quantum efficiency in the near-infrared region and possesses excellent thermal stability.