Orthogonal Codeword Beamforming Training for Multi-User Efficiency
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing 802.11ad wireless communications standard is inefficient in multi-user scenarios due to the need for sequential beamforming training with each user, leading to prolonged training durations and low efficiency in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) environments.
Innovation Solution
Assigning orthogonal codewords to each responding device allows the initiating device to perform simultaneous beamforming training with multiple users, using these codewords to encode beamforming training signals and avoid signal collisions, thereby reducing training time and improving efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If sequential beamforming training is performed with each user in multi-user scenarios, then beamforming training can be completed with individual users, but the training duration becomes very long and efficiency is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple sequential beamforming training operations into a single simultaneous training process. The initiator performs beamforming training with multiple responders at the same time by transmitting different SSW frames with distinct identifiers to different responders in parallel, rather than sequentially. This combining of operations reduces the overall training duration while ensuring reliable training completion for all users.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the beamforming training process by assigning different identifiers to different responders. Each responder is uniquely identified within the simultaneous training process, allowing the initiator to distinguish and train with multiple responders concurrently. This segmentation enables parallel processing while maintaining individual training integrity.
2Reliability
If sequential beamforming training is performed with each user, then individual user training can be completed, but training efficiency is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple beamforming training operations into a single simultaneous process. The initiator transmits SSW frames to multiple responders at the same time, each frame containing a unique identifier for the target responder. This merging of operations maintains training completion reliability while significantly improving training efficiency by processing multiple users in parallel rather than sequentially.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables continuous useful action by performing beamforming training with multiple users simultaneously without idle time between sequential operations. The initiator continuously transmits training frames to different responders in parallel, maximizing resource utilization and improving overall training efficiency while ensuring each user receives complete training.
3Loss of time
If multiple users perform beamforming training simultaneously, then training time is reduced, but signal collisions occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by assigning different identifiers to different responders participating in simultaneous beamforming training. Each responder is uniquely identified within the parallel training process, allowing the initiator to distinguish and separately process training signals for each user. This differentiation prevents signal collisions while maintaining simultaneous training operations, ensuring reliable training completion.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the simultaneous training process by incorporating unique identifiers in SSW frames for different responders. This segmentation allows the system to handle multiple users in parallel while distinguishing their individual training signals, preventing collisions and ensuring reliable training completion for each user.
4Reliability
If sequential beamforming training is used, then signal collisions are avoided, but resource utilization is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple beamforming training operations into simultaneous parallel operations. By transmitting SSW frames to multiple responders at the same time with distinct identifiers, the system achieves high resource utilization while avoiding signal collisions through proper signal design and identifier differentiation. This merging maintains reliability while significantly improving productivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables continuous useful action by performing beamforming training with multiple users simultaneously without idle time. The initiator continuously transmits training frames to different responders in parallel, maximizing resource utilization and improving productivity while maintaining signal collision avoidance through proper signal design.
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of this application provide a beamforming training method, an initiating device, and a responding device. The method includes: transmitting, by an initiating device, codeword indication information to each responding device in a plurality of responding devices, where codeword indication information received by a first responding device in the plurality of responding devices is used to indicate a first codeword assigned by the initiating device to the first responding device, the first codeword is used to encode a beamforming training signal transmitted between the initiating device and the first responding device, and codewords assigned to different responding devices in the plurality of responding devices are orthogonal to each other; and performing, by the initiating device, beamforming training simultaneously with the plurality of responding devices based on a plurality of codewords assigned to the plurality of responding devices.