Orthogonal Dipole Antenna Coupling Device for Waveguide
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is no effective solution for feeding or receiving elliptically or circularly polarized electromagnetic waves into or out of a waveguide with high bandwidth and directional characteristics.
Innovation Solution
A coupling and decoupling device with a support member, circuit carrier, and waveguide, featuring crossed dipole antennas and conductors, an electrically conductive layer, and a waveguide design that optimizes the antenna arrangement and geometry to achieve high bandwidth and directivity for dual-polarized electromagnetic wave transmission and reception.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If a single linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is generated from high-frequency electronics on a planar structure, then the device complexity is low, but the bandwidth and directional characteristic are insufficient for dual-polarized wave transmission
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the antenna system into two separate dipole antennas oriented orthogonally to each other, with each dipole fed by its own transmission line. This segmentation allows independent optimization of each dipole for different polarization directions, thereby achieving dual-polarized operation and increased bandwidth without requiring a completely new monolithic structure
Solution Approach 2:
The invention transitions from a single-planar linearly polarized antenna to a three-dimensional crossed dipole configuration. By orienting the two dipoles perpendicular to each other in space (one horizontal, one vertical), the system captures electromagnetic waves from multiple polarization dimensions simultaneously, enabling dual-polarized reception and significantly expanding operational bandwidth
2Reliability
If two orthogonally oriented dipole antennas are arranged inside a vacuum dome or waveguide, then the directional characteristic and polarization performance are improved, but the device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The waveguide structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides the enclosing cavity for the dipole antennas, acts as the ground plane for the dipole configurations, and functions as the transmission medium for the electromagnetic waves. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate vacuum domes or additional structural components, simplifying manufacturing while maintaining the required directional characteristics and polarization performance
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces a dielectric substrate as an intermediary element that mechanically supports both crossed dipole antennas and provides a stable reference plane for their orientations. This dielectric mediator allows precise positioning of the dipoles within the waveguide while being easier to manufacture and assemble than complex vacuum dome structures, thereby improving ease of manufacture without compromising the directional characteristics
3Reliability
If an electrically conductive layer is attached to the first end of the holding element, then the impedance matching and resonance frequencies are improved, but the manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The electrically conductive layer is merged with the existing waveguide structure by depositing it directly onto the inner surface of the waveguide's first end. This integration ensures perfect electrical contact and continuous current flow between the dipole antennas and the waveguide, optimizing impedance matching and resonant characteristics. The merging approach reduces the need for separate precision-aligned components, thereby mitigating manufacturing precision requirements
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device enhances the directional characteristics and bandwidth for dual-polarized electromagnetic wave transmission and reception, ensuring efficient coupling and decoupling with improved impedance matching and resonance frequencies.
Implementation Method 1
two dipole antennas, which are arranged crossed over one another and are arranged orthogonally to one another... for transmitting and receiving a dual-polarized electromagnetic wave
Implementation Method 2
an electrically conductive layer, which is attached to the first end, closes off the first end-side opening of the waveguide... enhances the directional characteristics and bandwidth
Implementation Method 3
a waveguide, wherein the support member has a second end at which the support member is coupled to the waveguide... for transmitting and receiving a dual-polarized electromagnetic wave, which has the highest possible bandwidth and a high directional characteristic
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2A
Figure 2B~2C
AI summary
The invention relates to a coupling and decoupling device between a circuit carrier and a waveguide. The coupling and decoupling device contains a retaining element, which has a first end for coupling to the circuit carrier and a second end for coupling to the waveguide. Two dipole antennas, which are crossed over and oriented orthogonally to each other, are arranged between the first end and the second end. The coupling and decoupling device furthermore contains two conductor pairs, which are arranged crossed over each other and are designed such that the conductor pairs are connected to the two dipole antennas and to associated contact surfaces on the circuit carrier. According to the invention, an electrically conductive layer is fixed on the first end. The retaining element is formed as a hollow conductor having a first opening on the end face of the hollow conductor for coupling to the circuit carrier and a second opening on the end face of the hollow conductor for coupling to the waveguide. The first opening on the end face is closed by the electrically conductive layer.