Antenna Array With Orthogonal Polarization Elements
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Solution Overview
Problem
Wireless transmission systems face reduced data throughput due to misalignment of polarization directions between transmit and receive antenna arrays, especially when the transmitter and receiver are movable, and variations in the transmission path caused by reflections and scattering.
Innovation Solution
An antenna array design featuring multiple flat antenna elements that can excite electromagnetic fields with orthogonal polarization directions, allowing for efficient transmission and reception of radio frequency signals with multiple orthogonal polarizations, enabling alignment with any polarization direction and path alterations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If traditional single-polarization antenna arrays are used, then the structure is simple, but data throughput is reduced due to polarization misalignment
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna array is segmented into multiple antenna elements, each capable of generating independent polarization components. This segmentation allows the system to transmit multiple polarization states simultaneously, increasing data throughput while maintaining a manageable structural complexity through modular design
Solution Approach 2:
Each antenna element is designed to serve multiple functions: generating horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, and circular polarization components. This multi-functionality allows a single antenna element to replace what would traditionally require multiple specialized antennas, thereby increasing throughput without proportionally increasing complexity
2Productivity
If antenna elements are aligned for optimal polarization transmission, then transmission efficiency is improved, but adaptability to movable transmitters and receivers is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna array employs dynamic beamforming and polarization control that can adapt in real-time to the relative motion between transmitter and receiver. By dynamically adjusting the excitation phases and amplitudes of multiple antenna elements, the system maintains optimal transmission efficiency regardless of movement, thereby achieving both high productivity and adaptability
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes transmission parameters including polarization state, beam direction, and phase distribution based on detected motion and channel conditions. This parameter adaptation allows the antenna array to maintain efficient transmission across varying geometric configurations, resolving the contradiction between fixed alignment optimization and movement adaptability
3Manufacturing precision
If reflecting surfaces are used to correct polarization alignment, then polarization direction is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical reflecting surfaces with an electronic beamforming system using multiple antenna elements. Instead of using physical reflectors to correct polarization alignment, the system uses electronic control of antenna excitation to achieve the same effect, thereby improving polarization alignment precision while significantly reducing manufacturing complexity and eliminating the need for precise mechanical surface fabrication
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design enhances data throughput by enabling simultaneous transmission with up to three orthogonal polarizations, improving emission characteristics, and simplifying manufacturing and alignment, while eliminating the need for reflecting surfaces.
Implementation Method 1
The first antenna element (AE1) is adapted to excite within a first excitation area (EA1) a first electromagnetic field with a first polarization direction (PD1) and a second electromagnetic field with a second polarization direction (PD2) different to the first polarization direction
Implementation Method 2
The second antenna element (AE2) is adapted to excite at least a third electromagnetic field with a third polarization direction (PD3) non-parallel to the first polarization direction and non-parallel to the second polarization direction within a second excitation area (EA2)
Data Source
AI summary
The embodiments of the invention relate to antenna array (AA1) for transmitting and/or for receiving radio frequency signals. The antenna array (AA1) contains a first antenna element (AE1) and a second antenna element (AE2a) forming a first basic arrangement (BA1). The first antenna element (AE1) has a first substantially flat form and is adapted to excite within a first excitation area (EA1) a first electromagnetic field with a first polarization direction (PD1) and a second electromagnetic field with a second polarization direction (PD2) different to the first polarization direction (PD1). The second antenna element (AE2a) also has a second substantially flat form. The second antenna element (AE2a) is arranged adjacent to the first antenna element (AE1) and is adapted to excite at least a third electromagnetic field with a third polarization direction (PD3) non-parallel to the first polarization direction (PD1) and non-parallel to the second polarization direction (PD2) within a second excitation area (EA2) arranged non-parallel to the first excitation area (EA1) and facing towards the first excitation area (EA1). The embodiments further relate to an access network node, which contains the antenna array and to a vehicle, which contains the access network node.