Automated Orthopedic Screw Insertion with Linear Motor Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current orthopedic implantation surgeries, such as vertebral pedicle screw insertion, lack automated tools, leading to manual effort, potential injuries, and inaccurate screw placement due to lack of precise control over screw insertion and torque.
Innovation Solution
An orthopedic implantation operation system incorporating a power drill mechanism with a linear advancing mechanism driven by a linear motor, combined with a pressure sensor and torque sensor for precise control, and a binocular vision system for monitoring, to facilitate accurate and efficient screw placement.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If manual screw placement is used, then the doctor can directly insert the screw, but the doctor needs to exert a lot of physical effort and is prone to accidental injuries
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the manual mechanical screw placement system with an automated robotic system. The robotic arm, driven by motors and control systems, automatically positions and inserts screws according to pre-planned trajectories, eliminating the need for doctors to manually handle heavy drilling equipment and reducing physical strain and injury risks.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a robotic system as an intermediary between the surgeon's intent and the actual screw placement. The robot executes precise movements based on surgical plans, acting as a mediator that translates surgical intent into accurate physical actions without requiring direct manual manipulation of drilling tools.
2Ease of manufacture
If hammers and tools are used to strike during manual reaming, then the reaming can be performed, but the operation causes relatively large impact on the human body
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces manual hammering and striking operations with an automated robotic drilling system. The robot-controlled drill performs reaming operations with controlled, automated impacts, eliminating the need for surgeons to manually strike tools with hammers, thereby removing the harmful physical impact from the surgeon's body.
3Ease of operation
If manual screwing is performed, then the screw can be inserted, but the final tightening torque cannot be effectively controlled
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates torque sensors and feedback control systems in the robotic screw insertion mechanism. The system continuously monitors the torque applied during screw tightening and automatically adjusts the driving force to maintain precise torque control, ensuring consistent and accurate screw fixation without relying on the surgeon's manual feel.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces manual screw tightening with an automated robotic system equipped with torque sensors and control algorithms. This substitution enables precise, programmable torque control that consistently achieves target tightening values, eliminating the variability and lack of control inherent in manual screwing operations.
4Measurement precision
If navigation marker is set on the end of tools, then the position of the tip of the tool can be tracked in real time, but due to human response and physiological fatigue, there will be a delay, resulting in inaccurate depth
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces manual depth judgment and control with an automated robotic system that uses navigation markers and real-time position tracking. The robot's control system processes navigation data and automatically adjusts tool depth without human response delays, eliminating the time lag caused by physiological fatigue and improving depth accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements continuous real-time position tracking and automated depth control through the robotic system. The navigation marker on the tool tip is continuously monitored, and the robot's control system continuously adjusts the tool's position and depth, maintaining uninterrupted and accurate depth control without the interruptions caused by human response delays.
5Productivity
If automated power drill mechanism with linear advancing mechanism is used, then surgical efficiency and accuracy are enhanced, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs the robotic surgical system to perform multiple functions: navigation, positioning, drilling, reaming, tapping, and screw insertion. By integrating these functions into a single multi-functional platform, the system achieves high surgical efficiency while managing complexity through consolidation rather than separate devices for each operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines the power drill mechanism, linear advancing mechanism, navigation system, and torque control into an integrated robotic system. This merging of previously separate functions into a unified platform improves surgical workflow and efficiency while managing overall system complexity through integration and coordinated control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enhances surgical efficiency and accuracy, reduces manual effort and injury risk, and ensures precise screw placement by providing real-time pressure and torque feedback and visual monitoring.
Implementation Method 1
a linear advancing mechanism, the linear advancing mechanism including a linear motor; the linear motor being connected with the power drill mechanism to drive the power drill mechanism to make a linear reciprocating motion
Implementation Method 2
a pressure sensor for detecting the resistance of the surgical tool during the advancement process
Implementation Method 3
a torque sensor, and the rotation output of the motor is transmitted to the surgical tool clamped by the clamping mechanism through the torque sensor; the torque sensor measures the torque during orthopedic implantation surgery
Data Source
AI summary
An orthopedic implantation operation system includes a power drill mechanism and a linear advancing mechanism. The linear advancing mechanism includes a linear motor; the linear motor is connected with the power drill mechanism to drive the power drill mechanism to make a linear reciprocating motion to realize the advancement motion of the surgical tool. The present invention provides the driving force of the linear reciprocating motion of the power drill mechanism through a linear advancing mechanism, and combines with a power drill mechanism to clamp surgical tools such as a guide pin, reamer, tap and a vertebral pedicle screw, etc. so as to realize the operation of orthopedic implantation. Compared with artificial orthopedic implantation operations, the operation is stable, the impact on the human body is small, and the operation efficiency and accuracy of orthopedic implantation operations are higher, avoiding accidental injuries that may be caused by manual orthopedic implantation.