Oscillating Surgical Tool with Adjustable Gear Assembly
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing surgical devices for cutting and treating bone and hard tissue often cause adjacent tissue to catch and wrap around the drill tip due to high RPM rotation, posing a risk during delicate surgical procedures.
Innovation Solution
A surgical device with a gear assembly and motor that allows for adjustable oscillation of the surgical tool, enabling controlled oscillation angles and exposure lengths to prevent tissue entanglement, featuring a collet and angular displacement mechanism for precise motor adjustment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If high RPM rotation is used to cut bone and hard tissue, then cutting efficiency is improved, but adjacent tissue catches and wraps around the drill tip
Solution Approach 1:
The surgical tool transitions from continuous rotation to oscillatory motion, dynamically changing the cutting mechanism. The tool oscillates back and forth along the rotational path, creating a reciprocating cutting action that reduces tissue entanglement while maintaining cutting efficiency through controlled angular displacement.
Solution Approach 2:
The cutting action is converted from continuous rotation to periodic oscillation. The surgical tool performs repeated back-and-forth cutting strokes along its oscillation path, with each oscillation cycle comprising forward and reverse cutting phases. This periodic motion prevents tissue from wrapping around the tool tip.
2Reliability
If oscillation angle is increased to prevent tissue entanglement, then safety is improved, but cutting precision may be reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts oscillation parameters including amplitude, frequency, and angular displacement to optimize both safety and precision. The controller modifies these parameters based on surgical conditions, maintaining safety through sufficient oscillation while preserving precision through controlled parameter ranges.
Solution Approach 2:
The system incorporates feedback control to monitor oscillation performance and adjust parameters in real-time. Sensors detect tissue interaction forces and tool position, allowing the controller to fine-tune oscillation amplitude and frequency to maintain cutting precision while preventing tissue entanglement.
3Reliability
If adjustable oscillation parameters are added to control tissue entanglement, then safety is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The motor assembly serves multiple functions: generating rotational motion, controlling oscillation amplitude, adjusting oscillation frequency, and positioning the surgical tool. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate mechanisms for each control parameter, thereby limiting the increase in device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines the motor, gear assembly, oscillation control mechanism, and tool positioning system into an integrated housing. By merging these previously separate components into a unified assembly, the device achieves adjustable oscillation parameters while minimizing the overall increase in complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device effectively reduces tissue entanglement risks by allowing surgeons to adjust oscillation angles and tool exposure, enhancing precision and safety during bone and tissue cutting procedures.
Implementation Method 1
A gear assembly is disposed within the housing and is configured to control oscillation of the surgical tool. A motor is operably coupled to the housing and is configured to drive the gear assembly upon activation thereof.
Implementation Method 2
A collet is disposed within the housing and is configured to selectively lock the drive rod of the surgical tool within the housing.
Data Source
AI summary
A surgical device for cutting or shaving bone or tissue includes a housing having an elongated tube extending therefrom, the elongated tube configured to support a surgical tool at a distal end thereof. A gear assembly is disposed within the housing and is configured to control oscillation of the surgical tool. A motor is operably coupled to the housing and is configured to drive the gear assembly upon activation thereof. The motor is moveable relative to the housing to adjust one or more gears of the gear assembly which, in turn, adjusts an oscillation angle of the surgical tool to control the aggressiveness of the surgical tool when cutting tissue or bone.