Oscillation-Based Powder Distribution in Additive Manufacturing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current powder bed additive manufacturing systems face issues with material adhesion to smoothing devices, leading to uneven layer thickness and excessive powder consumption, requiring frequent release agent application and large build volumes for uniform heat distribution.

Innovation Solution

The method employs oscillations, such as vibrations or sound waves, to compact and distribute powdery material within the receiving unit, eliminating the need for mechanical smoothing devices like rollers or scrapers, and allowing for automatic adjustment of oscillation parameters to achieve uniform layer thickness without mechanical contact.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If mechanical smoothing devices (rollers or scrapers) are used to level the powder bed, then layer thickness uniformity is improved, but material adhesion to the smoothing devices causes unevenness and requires frequent release agent application

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelayer thickness uniformityVSAvoidmaterial adhesion to smoothing devices
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical smoothing devices (rollers or scrapers) with a blowing device that uses a jet of gas to level the powder bed. This substitution eliminates direct mechanical contact between the smoothing mechanism and the powder, thereby preventing material adhesion issues while maintaining layer thickness uniformity. The gas jet dynamically levels the powder surface without the need for release agents.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs pneumatic means by using a blowing device that directs a jet of gas onto the powder bed to achieve leveling. This pneumatic approach replaces traditional mechanical contact-based smoothing methods, allowing the powder to be leveled through air flow dynamics rather than mechanical force, thus avoiding adhesion problems associated with mechanical devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

2Temperature

If a large build volume is used to ensure uniform heat distribution, then temperature uniformity is improved, but excessive powder consumption and energy requirement increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature uniformityVSAvoidpowder consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the build chamber into a first region containing the powder bed and a second region that can be moved relative to the powder bed. This segmentation allows the heating system to focus on a smaller, controlled volume at any given time, reducing overall powder consumption while maintaining temperature uniformity in the active build area. The movable second region enables selective heating zones.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamic movement between the powder bed and the second region of the build chamber. By moving the second region relative to the powder bed during the additive manufacturing process, the system can maintain uniform heat distribution across different areas sequentially, reducing the need for a uniformly large heated volume and thereby decreasing total powder consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Manufacturing precision

If mechanical smoothing devices are used, then layer thickness uniformity is improved, but device complexity and space requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelayer thickness uniformityVSAvoidsmoothing device structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical smoothing devices with a simpler blowing device that uses gas flow to level the powder. This substitution dramatically reduces device complexity by eliminating mechanical components such as rollers, scrapers, and their actuating systems, while achieving the same layer thickness uniformity through pneumatic means.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Manufacturing precision

If release agent is applied frequently to prevent material adhesion, then material distribution quality is improved, but manufacturing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial distribution qualityVSAvoidmanufacturing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical smoothing devices with a blowing device that uses gas flow to level the powder without mechanical contact. This eliminates the need for frequent release agent application, thereby maintaining material distribution quality while significantly reducing the time spent on release agent application and device maintenance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach simplifies the distribution process, reduces wear on parts, minimizes powder usage, and enhances manufacturing efficiency by ensuring uniform layer thickness and reducing the complexity of the distribution apparatus, while maintaining cost-effectiveness and precision.

Implementation Method 1

an oscillation unit (20), which is designed to apply an oscillation to the powdery material (14) introduced into the receiving unit (12)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVibration: Vibration

Data Source

PatentEP4124442B1Method and apparatus for the additive manufacture of a component within a receiving unit using a powdery material
Publication Date: 2024.10.09 AIRBUS OPERATIONS GMBH
  • EP4124442B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~3
  • EP4124442B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5D
  • EP4124442B1 patent drawingFigure 5E~6D

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for the additive manufacture of a component (10) within a receiving unit (12) using a powdery material (14). In one step (S10), the powdery material (14) is introduced into the receiving unit (12) via a feed unit (16). In a further step (S20), an oscillation is applied to the powdery material (14) introduced into the receiving unit (12). In a further step (S30), the oscillation is applied over a period of time to the powdery material (14) introduced into the receiving unit (12) until a predetermined distribution (50) of the powdery material (14) within the receiving unit (12) is achieved. In a further step (S40), at least a part of the powdery material (14) within the receiving unit (12) is solidified after the predetermined distribution (50) of the powdery material (14) has been achieved. The invention also relates to an apparatus (1) for the additive manufacture of a component (10) within a receiving unit (12) using a powdery material (14).