Out-of-Phase Chest Compression and Ventilation System
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Solution Overview
Problem
During cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), significant retrograde blood flow occurs due to increased vascular resistance in the lungs, which can be mitigated by coordinating abdominal compressions with chest compressions to enhance blood flow into the lungs for re-oxygenation, and traditional positive pressure ventilation methods increase vascular resistance, hindering forward blood flow.
Innovation Solution
Implementing a system that synchronizes chest compressions with abdominal compressions using an act-hold-release-hold cycle, where abdominal compressions precede chest compressions, and employing negative pressure ventilation to reduce lung vascular resistance, thereby improving blood circulation and oxygenation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If traditional positive pressure ventilation is used during CPR, then ventilation can be provided to the patient, but vascular resistance in the lungs increases and retrograde blood flow worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent inverts the traditional positive pressure ventilation approach by applying negative pressure to the abdomen during CPR. This creates a pressure gradient that pulls blood forward into the lungs rather than pushing it retrograde, while still achieving effective ventilation. The negative abdominal pressure opposes the harmful retrograde flow direction and promotes forward blood flow during the compression cycle.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the pressure parameter from positive (traditional ventilation) to negative (abdominal suction). By applying negative pressure to the abdomen rather than positive pressure to the chest, the system achieves ventilation while simultaneously reducing vascular resistance and preventing retrograde blood flow. This parameter inversion resolves the contradiction between providing ventilation and maintaining forward blood flow.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If abdominal compressions are coordinated with chest compressions, then retrograde blood flow is reduced and blood flow into lungs is enhanced, but the CPR system becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the ventilation function with the abdominal compression function into a single integrated system. The same device that applies negative pressure to the abdomen for ventilation also provides the abdominal compressions coordinated with chest compressions. This consolidation achieves multiple benefits (reducing retrograde flow, enhancing lung blood flow, and providing ventilation) without requiring separate complex systems for each function.
Solution Approach 2:
The CPR system is designed with multi-functionality, where the abdominal compression mechanism serves dual purposes: it provides coordinated abdominal compressions to reduce retrograde blood flow, and it simultaneously delivers negative pressure ventilation. This universal design allows one component to perform multiple critical functions, reducing overall system complexity while achieving the desired physiological effects.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach reduces retrograde blood flow and enhances oxygenation of tissues, potentially reducing tissue death and improving patient outcomes during CPR by optimizing blood flow and ventilation techniques.
Implementation Method 1
employing negative pressure ventilation to reduce lung vascular resistance
Implementation Method 2
causing multiple chest compressions to be provided to the patient
Implementation Method 3
abdominal compressions are properly coordinated with chest compressions, the vascular resistance of the lungs can be overcome, and retrograde flow during the compression downstroke can be reduced
Data Source
AI summary
An example of a system for providing emergency care to a patient includes an automated chest compression device configured to engage the patient at the patient's sternum to provide multiple chest compression cycles to the patient's sternum, an automated mechanical ventilation device to induce negative pressure ventilation, and a controller operably coupled to the automated chest compression device and the automated mechanical ventilation device and including one or more processors configured to control the automated chest compression device to cyclically perform chest compressions, and control the automated mechanical ventilation device to cyclically induce the negative pressure ventilation out-of-phase with the chest compressions such that the automated mechanical ventilation device cyclically induces the negative pressure ventilation prior to each compression of the patient's sternum.