Outphasing RF Transmission Using Constant-Envelope Signal Decomposition

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing radio frequency power amplifiers are inefficient and costly due to their linear amplification requirements, which can lead to non-linear distortions in amplified signals.

Innovation Solution

The system decomposes an input signal into multiple substantially constant-envelope components, which are then amplified using non-linear amplifiers in each outphasing path. Discrete phase control is applied to each path to define constellation points in a constant envelope diagram, optimizing a cost function for efficiency and transmission power.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If linear amplifiers are used to amplify radio frequency signals, then non-linear distortions are avoided in the amplified signal, but the amplifiers become inefficient and expensive

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal qualityVSAvoidamplifier efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The input signal is decomposed into multiple substantially constant-envelope components that can be processed separately through different outphasing paths. This segmentation allows each component to be amplified independently using efficient non-linear amplifiers while maintaining overall signal integrity through subsequent combining operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention transforms the signal representation by decomposing it into constant-envelope components with specific phase relationships. By changing the parameter domain from direct amplitude-phase representation to outphasing component representation, the system enables use of non-linear amplifiers without introducing distortion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If linear amplifiers are used to ensure accurate signal amplification, then non-linear distortions are not created, but the cost of the amplification system increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal accuracyVSAvoidsystem cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The signal is divided into multiple constant-envelope components that can be processed through separate outphasing paths with non-linear amplifiers. This segmentation enables the use of cheaper non-linear amplifier components while maintaining signal accuracy through the combining of processed components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The outphasing decomposition and combination processes act as intermediary transformations that enable the use of non-linear amplifiers. These intermediary steps convert the signal into a form suitable for non-linear processing and then restore it to the original signal characteristics, avoiding the need for expensive linear amplifiers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Loss of energy

If non-linear amplifiers are used to improve power efficiency, then energy consumption is reduced, but non-linear distortions are introduced in the amplified signal

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower efficiencyVSAvoidsignal quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

By segmenting the signal into constant-envelope components, each component can be amplified by non-linear amplifiers without introducing distortion. The constant-envelope nature of each component makes it immune to amplitude distortion from non-linear amplification, while the overall signal quality is preserved through coherent combining of the components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the signal parameter representation to constant-envelope form before non-linear amplification. This parameter transformation ensures that non-linear amplifiers operate in a regime where they do not introduce distortion, as the constant envelope protects against amplitude non-linearity effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Productivity

If discrete phase control is applied in each outphasing path to define constellation points, then transmission efficiency is optimized, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransmission efficiencyVSAvoidphase control complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Discrete phase control is applied locally in each outphasing path independently, with each path defining constellation points according to its specific requirements. This localized approach allows optimization of each path's phase control without requiring complex coordinated control across all paths, reducing overall system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP3876420B1Radio frequency transmission
Publication Date: 2025.06.18 NOKIA SOLUTIONS & NETWORKS OY
  • EP3876420B1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP3876420B1 patent drawingFigure 5
  • EP3876420B1 patent drawingFigure 6

AI summary

An apparatus comprising: means for decomposing an input signal to multiple substantially constant-envelope components; an outphasing path for each substantially constant-envelope component; means for discrete phase control in each outphasing path; an amplifier in each outphasing path; and means for combining output signals from the outphasing paths.