Output Driver Gate Slew Shaping for Low EMI Switching Delay

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing output driver circuits face a trade-off between reducing radiated electromagnetic emissions and minimizing switching delay, as slowing the rise or fall of control signals to reduce emissions can result in undesirable delays and inaccuracies in output signals.

Innovation Solution

A switching device with a control terminal that has a conduction threshold, where the control signal has a faster slew rate before crossing the threshold and a slower slew rate after, utilizing an energy storage device like a capacitor to manage the signal levels and reduce switching delay while minimizing emissions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-generated harmful factors

If the rise or fall of the control signal is slowed down to reduce radiated electromagnetic emissions, then radiated emissions are reduced, but switching delay increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradiated electromagnetic emissionsVSAvoidswitching delay
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The control signal is pre-charged to the conduction threshold level before being applied to the switching device gate. This preliminary action ensures the signal reaches the threshold quickly (reducing switching delay) while the actual transition is controlled by a separate mechanism that limits the rate of change after threshold crossing (controlling radiated emissions).

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The control signal generation is divided into two distinct phases: a fast charging phase that quickly brings the signal to the conduction threshold, and a controlled transition phase that limits the slew rate after threshold crossing. This segmentation allows each phase to be optimized independently for its specific function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Loss of time

If the control signal transitions quickly to reduce switching delay, then switching delay is reduced, but radiated electromagnetic emissions increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching delayVSAvoidradiated electromagnetic emissions
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The control circuit dynamically adjusts its behavior based on the signal level. Before the conduction threshold, the circuit allows fast charging. After the threshold is crossed, the circuit automatically transitions to a mode that limits the rate of change. This dynamic adaptation resolves the contradiction by changing the system's characteristics at the critical moment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The slew rate parameter of the control signal is changed at the conduction threshold. Before threshold crossing, the effective slew rate is high (fast charging). After threshold crossing, the slew rate is reduced to a controlled value. This parameter change allows the system to achieve low switching delay while maintaining controlled radiated emissions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach effectively reduces radiated electromagnetic emissions while minimizing switching delays, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of output signals in applications like magnetic field sensors.

Implementation Method 1

A capacitor may be selectively coupled to the control terminal of the switching device after being charged to a level associated with the conduction threshold

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP2936681B1Output driver having improved switching delay and associated methods
Publication Date: 2019.06.12 ALLEGRO MICROSYSTEMS LLC
  • EP2936681B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2936681B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2936681B1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

A switching device (300) for driving a load (14) is provided. The switching device comprises a control terminal (304) and has a conduction threshold which, when crossed by a control signal (305, Vgate) coupled to the control terminal, causes the switching device to conduct. A control circuit (306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322) for generating the control signal is also provided. The control circuit is configured to generate a control signal (305) having a first slew rate (between TO and Tl') prior to the control signal crossing the conduction threshold (at Tl') and a second slew rate after the control signal has crossed the conduction threshold. The first slew rate being larger than the second slew rate.