Oxygen Carrier Heating Reactors for Endothermic Heat and CO2 Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need to improve the implementation of heating reactors for endothermic processes, such as calcination, reforming, and gasification, while effectively capturing carbon dioxide emissions to reduce environmental impact.
Innovation Solution
A heating system with integrated heating reactors that generate heat through combustion of carbonaceous fuels, capturing carbon dioxide and integrating with a reaction process, utilizing oxygen carrier materials in fluidised beds for efficient heat transfer and fuel combustion with equivalence ratio of 1, and utilizing oxygen-depleted air for nitrogen-rich streams in ammonia production or power generation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If carbon dioxide is captured from heating reactor exhaust gas, then environmental impact is reduced, but system complexity and operational costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
An oxygen carrier material is introduced as an intermediary substance that mediates between the heating reactor and the carbon dioxide capture system. The oxygen carrier is circulated through the heating reactor where it picks up oxygen during combustion, then transported to a separate reactor where it releases oxygen and generates a concentrated carbon dioxide stream. This intermediary approach enables efficient carbon dioxide capture without requiring direct modification of the heating reactor exhaust gas handling system.
2Use of energy by moving object
If heating reactors are integrated with reaction processes, then heat transfer efficiency is improved, but the required heat transfer surface area decreases which may limit heat transfer capacity
Solution Approach 1:
The system utilizes fluidized bed technology where the oxygen carrier material is suspended and circulated as a fluid-like medium. This pneumatic approach allows for intense mixing and contact between the oxygen carrier particles and the process materials, dramatically enhancing heat transfer efficiency. The fluidized state enables rapid heat exchange without requiring large surface areas, as the volumetric heat transfer coefficient is greatly increased through the dynamic particle suspension and circulation.
3Use of energy by moving object
If fuel combustion with equivalence ratio of 1 is used, then combustion efficiency is improved, but complete combustion may not be achieved leaving unburnt carbon
Solution Approach 1:
The oxygen carrier material enables continuous oxygen transfer to the combustion zone. As the oxygen carrier circulates through the system, it continuously supplies oxygen to maintain combustion at equivalence ratio of 1, ensuring efficient combustion while minimizing unburnt carbon. The continuous circulation and oxygen replenishment by the oxygen carrier maintains optimal combustion conditions throughout the process, preventing carbon accumulation while maximizing energy release.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves high heat transfer efficiency, minimizes heat transfer surface area, captures carbon dioxide for reuse, and integrates with processes like biomass gasification and hydrogen production, methanol production, and ammonia production, while reducing efficiency penalties and operational costs.
Implementation Method 1
utilizing oxygen carrier materials in fluidised beds for efficient heat transfer and fuel combustion
Implementation Method 2
utilizing oxygen carrier materials in fluidised beds for efficient heat transfer and fuel combustion
Implementation Method 3
utilizing oxygen carrier materials in fluidised beds for efficient heat transfer
Implementation Method 4
utilizing oxygen carrier materials in fluidised beds for efficient heat transfer
Implementation Method 5
generate heat through combustion of carbonaceous fuels
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed herein is a reaction process system comprising: a reactor system configured to support an endothermic process of a feedstock: wherein the reactor system comprises: a reaction chamber with an internal region arranged to support the endothermic reaction of the feedstock; a heating system that is at least partially within the internal region of the reaction chamber; the heating system comprises a plurality of heating reactors; each heating reactor comprises walls that separate an internal region of the heating reactor from the rest of the internal region of the reaction chamber; each heating reactor comprises an oxygen carrier material in the internal region of the heating reactor; each heating reactor is arranged to support a reduction reaction between the oxygen carrier material and a fuel in the internal region of the heating reactor; and each heating reactor is arranged to support an oxidation reaction between the oxygen carrier material and oxygen in the internal region of the heating reactor; one or more heat exchangers arranged to generate the steam by heating water with heat recovered in dependence on one or more fluid flows out of the reactor system; and when applicable, a steam supply conduit arranged to supply at least some of the generated steam to the reactor system.