Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Combustion Control for Gas Turbine Temperature Management
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for reducing CO2 emissions in power generation, such as fuel de-carbonization and oxy-fuel gas turbines, face challenges like high temperatures leading to combustor life issues and soot production, and require specialized equipment not yet commercially available.
Innovation Solution
A combustion control system using a combustor with a primary and burnout zone, high concentration CO2, and an oxygen supply to form an oxygenation stream, with temperature and oxygen sensors to regulate the flow rates and achieve stoichiometric combustion, allowing for the use of existing gas turbines and reducing corrosive combustion products.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If pure oxygen is used for combustion, then combustion efficiency is improved, but temperature becomes extremely high causing combustor life issues and soot production
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the composition parameters of the oxidizer stream by mixing oxygen with carbon dioxide in specific ratios. This modifies the combustion characteristics to achieve efficient combustion while controlling the temperature within acceptable limits for combustor materials, thus resolving the contradiction between combustion efficiency and temperature control.
Solution Approach 2:
Carbon dioxide acts as an intermediary substance between pure oxygen and the fuel. By introducing CO2 into the oxidizer stream, it mediates the combustion process to reduce peak temperatures and prevent soot formation while maintaining combustion efficiency, thus resolving the contradiction between productivity and temperature control.
2Temperature
If high concentration CO2 is used as diluent, then temperature control is improved, but specialized turbine equipment is required that is not commercially available
Solution Approach 1:
The patent adjusts the concentration of CO2 in the diluent stream to optimize temperature control while maintaining compatibility with standard turbine equipment. By finding the right parameter range for CO2 concentration, the system achieves temperature control without requiring specialized equipment, thus resolving the contradiction between temperature control and equipment availability.
3Productivity
If oxygen/CO2 mixture with more O2 than air is used, then combustion efficiency is improved, but very high temperatures require large combustor chamber and specialized design
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the O2/CO2 ratio in the oxidizer stream to achieve efficient combustion with moderate temperature rise. By carefully controlling the mixture composition parameters, the system maintains combustion efficiency while avoiding the need for oversized combustor chambers or specialized designs, thus resolving the contradiction between productivity and device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This system effectively controls combustion temperatures and compositions, increasing efficiency, reducing unburned fuel, and enabling the use of commercial gas turbines for low-emission power generation without the need for new combustor designs.
Implementation Method 1
an oxygen supply stream configured to combine with at least a first portion (the primary diluent flow) of the high concentration CO2 stream to form an oxygenation stream substantially comprising oxygen and CO2
Implementation Method 2
a combustor configured to mix and combust the oxygenation and combustion fuel streams within a primary combustion zone
Implementation Method 3
at least one temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the combustion products stream after the exit of the combustor
Implementation Method 4
at least one oxygen analyzer configured to measure the amount of oxygen in the composition of the combustion products streams
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to methods and systems for controlling a combustion reaction and the products thereof. One embodiment includes a combustion control system having an oxygen supply stream and a high concentration carbon dioxide stream, mixing the streams to form an oxygenation stream substantially comprising oxygen and CO2 and having an oxygen to CO2 ratio, then mixing the oxygenation stream with a combustion fuel stream and combusting in a combustor to generate a combustion products stream having a temperature detected by a temperature sensor, the data from which is used to control the flow a carbon dioxide diluent stream to produce a desired temperature of combustion. The system may also include a control system configured to regulate the flow of the oxygen supply stream based on the flow rate and composition of the combustion fuel stream. The system may also include a gas turbine with an expander and having a load and a load controller in a feedback arrangement. Other embodiments include a hydrocarbon analyzer and multiple fuel streams that may be combined to form the combustion fuel stream.