Oxygen Probe Dye Conjugated to Hydrophilic Carrier
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing oxygen probes for measuring dissolved oxygen concentration in chemical and biological processes face limitations such as limited assay flexibility, significant material waste, high costs, and sensitivity issues due to complex structures and interactions with sample components, leading to unreliable results and potential cytotoxicity.
Innovation Solution
A monofunctional derivative of an oxygen-sensitive photoluminescent dye covalently attached to a hydrophilic water-soluble macromolecular carrier, specifically Pt(II)- or Pd(II)-porphyrin-based dyes conjugated with PEG or proteins, providing a stable and well-defined chemical structure for improved sensitivity and reduced interactions with sample components.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If water-soluble phosphorescent structures (dendrimers) are used as oxygen probes, then water solubility is achieved, but spectral and quenching properties become heterogeneous and electrical charge increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the molecular structure parameters by using monofunctional derivatives of oxygen-sensitive dyes with defined chemical groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, or thiol) attached to macromolecular carriers. This structural parameter change ensures homogeneous spectral and quenching properties while maintaining water solubility, resolving the heterogeneity issue of dendrimer-based probes.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates composite structures by covalently attaching monofunctional dye derivatives to hydrophilic macromolecular carriers (proteins, polysaccharides, or synthetic polymers). This composite approach combines the oxygen sensitivity of the dye with the solubility and structural stability of the carrier, achieving both water solubility and property homogeneity.
2Reliability
If complex oxygen-sensitive structures are used, then oxygen sensitivity is improved, but interactions with sample components increase leading to unreliable results
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by using monofunctional dye derivatives with a single reactive group attached to the macromolecular carrier. This localized attachment point minimizes non-specific interactions with sample components while maintaining the oxygen sensitivity function, thereby reducing harmful interactions and improving measurement reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The macromolecular carrier acts as an intermediary between the oxygen-sensitive dye and the sample components. It provides a stable platform that presents the dye to oxygen while shielding it from unwanted interactions with cells and sample components, thus improving reliability.
3Stability of the object's composition
If permanent attachment of sensitive material to solid support is used, then structural stability is achieved, but assay flexibility is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The invention transitions from static permanent attachment to dynamic covalent attachment. The monofunctional dye derivatives can be covalently attached to various macromolecular carriers (proteins, polysaccharides, synthetic polymers), allowing the same basic structure to be adapted to different assay formats and applications, thereby achieving both stability and flexibility.
4Reliability
If solid-state oxygen-sensitive materials are used, then measurement stability is improved, but material waste increases in high sample throughput applications
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs water-soluble monofunctional dye derivatives that can be easily disposed of after use, replacing expensive solid-state materials. These soluble probes can be used in high-throughput applications where rapid turnover is needed, reducing material waste and cost while maintaining measurement stability through the defined chemical structure.
5Reliability
If long-decay photoluminescent dyes are used, then oxygen sensitivity is improved, but cytotoxicity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The macromolecular carrier serves as a protective intermediary that presents the long-decay photoluminescent dye to the external environment while shielding it from direct contact with cells. This allows the dye to maintain its high oxygen sensitivity function while minimizing cytotoxic effects, as the carrier prevents the dye from penetrating or interacting harmfuly with cellular components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The conjugated oxygen probes offer enhanced sensitivity, reproducibility, and biocompatibility, allowing for precise measurement of oxygen concentration with reduced cytotoxicity and material usage, suitable for high-throughput assays and diverse biological applications.
Implementation Method 1
a monofunctional derivative of an oxygen-sensitive photoluminescent dye
Implementation Method 2
Oxygen is one of the key metabolites in living cells, tissues, organisms, sub-cellular fragments, which is continuously being consumed and/or released. Monitoring of oxygen uptake/release by particular enzymes, living cells, tissues or whole organisms can provide information about their activity, metabolic status, viability, and/or physiological response
Data Source
AI summary
An oxygen sensitive probe comprises a monofunctional derivative of an oxygen-sensitive photoluminescent dye covalently attached to a water soluble and/or hydrophilic macromolecular carrier. The probe may be a chemical conjugate of a monofunctional phosphorescent porphyrin dye and a poly(ethyleneglycol), polypeptide or polysaccharide.