Oxyimide Copolymers as Flame Retardants
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current plastic additives, such as low-molecular weight radical formers, are volatile and prone to migration, leading to a loss of flame-retardant and stabilizing properties over time, and can negatively impact mechanical, electrical, and rheological properties of plastic materials.
Innovation Solution
Development of high-molecular weight oxyimide-based copolymers and polymers that serve as flame retardants, stabilizers, rheology modifiers, and initiators for polymerization and grafting processes, which are synthesized using maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride with amine compounds to enhance stability and reduce migration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If low-molecular weight radical formers are used as flame retardants and stabilizers, then the desired flame-retardant and stabilizing properties are achieved, but the additives become volatile and migrate easily out of the plastic material, leading to loss of properties over time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the molecular weight parameter of the radical formers from low-molecular to high-molecular (polymeric) compounds. This parameter change fundamentally alters the volatility and migration characteristics, allowing the additives to remain stable within the plastic material matrix while maintaining flame-retardant and stabilizing functions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs polymeric radical formers that can be integrated into the plastic material matrix as composite components. These polymeric compounds combine the desired flame-retardant and stabilizing properties with improved retention characteristics, forming a stable composite system within the plastic material.
2Reliability
If higher concentrations of low-molecular additives are used to maintain desired properties, then the flame-retardant and stabilizing effects are strengthened, but the mechanical, electrical and rheological properties of the plastic material are negatively influenced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the molecular weight parameter from low-molecular to high-molecular (polymeric) radical formers. This parameter change allows achieving the desired flame-retardant and stabilizing properties at lower concentrations, thereby avoiding the negative impact on mechanical, electrical, and rheological properties that occurs with high concentrations of low-molecular additives.
3Duration of action of moving object
If low-molecular additives are used to provide flame-retardant and stabilizing functions, then the desired properties are introduced, but the additives lose their effectiveness over time due to volatility and migration
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the molecular weight parameter from low-molecular to high-molecular (polymeric) compounds. This parameter change fundamentally reduces volatility and migration, thereby eliminating the loss of additives through evaporation and migration processes, which directly extends the duration of flame-retardant and stabilizing properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the short-living low-molecular additives with long-lasting polymeric radical formers. These polymeric compounds are designed to remain stable and effective throughout the service life of the plastic material, eliminating the need for frequent replenishment and ensuring long-term performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of these polymers provides long-term stability and effective flame-retardant properties while maintaining mechanical and rheological properties, reducing the need for frequent additive replenishment and minimizing environmental impact.
Implementation Method 1
the essential element of which is the formation of radicals. For example, the phenolic antioxidants frequently used as stabilisers transfer, in the first reaction step, a hydrogen atom to a polymer radical produced in the degradation processes of the plastic material, simultaneously form a stable phenoxyl radical and hence interrupt the auto-oxidative process
Implementation Method 2
interrupt the auto-oxidative process
Implementation Method 3
initiators for polymerisation- and grafting processes
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to the use of oxyimide-comprising copolymers or polymers as flame retardants for plastic materials, stabilisers for plastic materials, rheology modifiers for plastic materials and also as initiators for polymerisation- and grafting processes and/or crosslinking- or coupling agents. In addition, the present invention relates to plastic material molding compounds which comprise such copolymers or polymers.