P4332 Titanium Oxide Anode for High-Voltage Lithium Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Non-aqueous electrolyte batteries using spinel-type lithium titanate as the negative electrode suffer from low energy density due to a lithium-absorbing/desorbing reaction voltage of about 1.55 V, which limits the battery voltage to 2.3 V when combined with lithium transition metal composite oxides like LiCoO2, resulting in degraded energy density compared to traditional lithium ion secondary batteries.
Innovation Solution
Employing titanium-containing oxide active materials with a crystal structure belonging to the P4332 space group, such as Li4x+yM6−6xTi3+2xO12, for the negative electrode, which allows lithium-absorbing/desorbing reactions at a higher potential (1.3 to 1.4 V) and enhances energy density by increasing the battery voltage to 2.45 to 2.55 V when paired with LiCoO2, thereby improving charge/discharge cycle life and compatibility with existing battery systems.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If spinel-type lithium titanate is used as the negative electrode active material, then charge/discharge cycle characteristics are improved and large current charging is enabled, but battery voltage decreases to 2.3 V and energy density is degraded
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the crystal structure parameter of the negative electrode active material from spinel-type (Fd3-m space group) to a different polymorphic form (P4332 space group). This parameter change in crystal structure results in a higher lithium-absorbing/desorbing potential of 1.3 to 1.4 V, thereby increasing the battery voltage to 2.45 to 2.55 V and improving energy density while maintaining the charge/discharge cycle characteristics and large current charging capability of lithium titanate-based materials
2Use of energy by moving object
If the lithium-absorbing/desorbing reaction voltage is increased from 1.55 V to 1.3 to 1.4 V, then battery voltage increases to 2.45 to 2.55 V and energy density is improved, but the crystal structure must be changed from spinel-type to a different polymorphic form
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes parameter changes in the crystal structure of titanium-containing oxide, specifically transitioning from a spinel-type structure to a polymorphic form with P4332 space group. This parameter change enables the lithium-absorbing/desorbing reaction to occur at a higher potential of 1.3 to 1.4 V, thereby increasing battery voltage to 2.45 to 2.55 V and improving energy density by about 10% compared to conventional spinel-type lithium titanate
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of titanium-containing oxide active materials with a P4332 crystal structure increases the energy density of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries by about 10% and extends charge/discharge cycle life, making them interchangeable with existing dry cells or nickel hydrogen secondary batteries, while maintaining comparable capacity per unit weight to spinel-type lithium titanate.
Implementation Method 1
the lithium-absorbing/desorbing reaction proceeds at a voltage of about 1.55 V
Implementation Method 2
charged and discharged through the movement of lithium ion between a negative electrode and a positive electrode
Data Source
AI summary
A non-aqueous electrolyte battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode including, as an active material, a titanium-containing oxide having a crystal structure belonging to the P4332 space group, which titanium-containing oxide can be carried on one or both surfaces of a current collector; and a non-aqueous electrolyte.