Pacemaker State Machine Selection for Real-Time Physiological Adaptation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional pacemaker devices rely on offline programming methods that do not consider real-time physiological inputs, leading to inefficient and non-adaptive pacing outputs.
Innovation Solution
A system and method for selecting a state machine based on physiological inputs and user states to determine next states for a pacemaker, allowing for real-time adjustment of pacing outputs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If offline programming methods are used to set pacing rates, then the pacemaker can be programmed with fixed pacing rates, but the system cannot adapt to real-time physiological changes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic adaptability by transitioning from fixed offline-programmed pacing rates to real-time physiological monitoring and adjustment. The system continuously monitors physiological parameters (such as blood pressure, activity level, or metabolic demand) and dynamically adjusts pacing rates accordingly, allowing the pacemaker to adapt to changing physiological conditions without requiring complex external intervention systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs feedback mechanisms by continuously monitoring physiological parameters and using this information to adjust pacing rates in real-time. The system creates a closed-loop control where the output (pacing rate) is continuously adjusted based on feedback from physiological sensors, enabling automatic adaptation to physiological changes while maintaining manageable system complexity through integrated sensor-processing-pacing loops.
2Measurement precision
If healthcare providers manually update pacing rates during patient visits, then pacing rates can be adjusted based on patient feedback, but frequent patient visits are required and physiological inputs are not considered
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements self-service functionality by enabling the pacemaker to automatically monitor physiological parameters and adjust pacing rates without requiring patient visits or external provider intervention. The device autonomously collects physiological data, processes this information through algorithms, and modifies pacing parameters in real-time, thereby achieving precise pacing rate accuracy while eliminating the need for frequent patient visits.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical system of manual provider-patient interaction with an automated electronic system. Instead of relying on physical patient visits and manual provider adjustments, the system uses electronic sensors to monitor physiology and electronic processors to automatically adjust pacing rates, substituting the manual adjustment mechanism with an automated feedback-controlled system that achieves higher precision without time loss.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple state machines are used to handle different physiological conditions, then the system can optimize pacing for various conditions, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the control system into multiple specialized state machines, each optimized for specific physiological conditions or parameter ranges. Rather than using a single complex state machine that must handle all possible conditions, the system segments functionality into modular units that can independently manage specific aspects of pacing control, reducing the complexity of individual state machines while maintaining comprehensive coverage of physiological conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements universality by designing state machines that can serve multiple functions and handle various physiological conditions through a unified framework. The state machines are constructed with universal structures that can adapt to different physiological inputs and produce appropriate pacing outputs across a wide range of conditions, thereby achieving broad adaptability without proportionally increasing device complexity through redundant specialized components.
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable medium for outputting a state machine to determine a next state for a pacemaker, including receiving a plurality of sate machines, each state machine including an algorithm to generate the next state for the pacemaker; receiving a blood pressure value sensed by a blood pressure sensor; receiving a user state; inputting the blood pressure value and the user state at a state machine determination module; determining a first state machine from the plurality of state machines at the state machine determination module, based on the blood pressure value and the user state; and outputting the first state machine to determine new states for the pacemaker.