Pan-Warping Sub-frames for Power-Efficient Display
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Solution Overview
Problem
Portable displays face challenges in balancing power efficiency with display quality, often sacrificing brightness, resolution, or frame rate, which affects user experience, especially in applications like artificial reality where high quality is crucial.
Innovation Solution
The display operates by pulsing images at a high frame rate, up-sampling to 10 kHz to generate dozens of sub-frames, allowing for reduced brightness of light-emitting sources while maintaining perceived image sharpness and color fidelity, and adjusts sub-frames based on user head or eye movements to correct for misalignment and non-uniformities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If the display operates at a lower frame rate to reduce power consumption, then power efficiency is improved, but display quality and user experience deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The display divides each frame into multiple sub-frames that are displayed sequentially at different positions. By segmenting the frame data and displaying portions at different locations, the system achieves effective image correction and defect compensation without requiring high computational resources at the original frame rate, thus reducing power consumption while maintaining display quality.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs image correction, defect compensation, and warping operations on the frame data before display in advance. By preparing corrected frame portions beforehand and storing them in buffer memory, the display can operate at lower frame rates without sacrificing image quality, as the corrections are already applied to the stored frame data.
2Reliability
If the display uses expensive high-precision components to maintain image quality, then display quality is improved, but device cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system creates multiple copies of frame data at different positions and displays them sequentially. By generating positional copies of the same frame content rather than requiring physically precise component placement, the display can use lower-cost components while maintaining perceived image quality through software-based positional replication.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the positional parameters of frame portions dynamically, displaying the same image content at different locations to compensate for manufacturing defects. By varying position parameters rather than requiring precise physical component positioning, the display achieves high image quality with lower-cost components.
3Reliability
If the display increases frame rate to eliminate visual artifacts, then display quality is improved, but power consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The display segments each frame into multiple sub-frames displayed at different positions sequentially. This segmentation allows the system to eliminate visual artifacts through positional diversity rather than increasing overall frame rate, reducing power consumption while maintaining image quality.
Solution Approach 2:
The system displays frame portions periodically at different positions in a cyclic manner. By using periodic positional variation rather than continuous high-speed refresh, the display eliminates visual artifacts while operating at lower average power consumption.
Data Source
AI summary
In an embodiment, a method includes accessing a first rendered frame generated based on a first viewing direction of a user. The first rendered frame may be generated at a first frame rate. The method includes generating, based on the first rendered frame, one or more sub-frames at a second frame rate that is higher than the first frame rate. A first sub-frame of the one or more sub-frames is generated by determining a second viewing direction of the user based on sensor data and applying one or more transformations to the first frame based on the second viewing direction. The method includes outputting the one or more sub-frames for display at the second frame rate.