Pantograph Failure Detection via Conductor Temperature Differential

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for detecting pantograph failures in rail vehicles are either expensive due to the use of current transformers or unreliable due to the limitations of limit switches, and they do not provide a straightforward way for the driver to be alerted to increased load conditions on electrical equipment.

Innovation Solution

A method that monitors the surface temperature of electrical lines from pantographs to a busbar, comparing temperature differences and changes over time to detect pantograph failures, eliminating the need for current transformers and limit switches, and using thermal switches or temperature sensors on metallic guides to send alerts to the vehicle controller.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If current transformers are installed in the lines from pantographs to busbar to detect failures, then failure detection capability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefailure detection capabilityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces electrical measurement devices (current transformers) with a thermal field-based detection system. Temperature sensors measure the thermal state of electrical lines, and a evaluation unit analyzes temperature differences to detect pantograph failures. This substitution eliminates complex electrical measurement equipment while achieving reliable failure detection through thermal monitoring.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If multiple pantographs are provided to distribute electrical power, then system redundancy is improved, but electrical equipment overload increases when one pantograph fails

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem redundancyVSAvoidelectrical equipment load
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where temperature sensors continuously monitor the thermal state of electrical lines, and the evaluation unit processes this information to detect failures. When a pantograph failure is detected through temperature differential analysis, the system can alert operators to take corrective action, preventing prolonged overload conditions and potential damage to electrical equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for inexpensive and reliable pantograph failure detection, reducing maintenance costs and providing timely warnings to drivers about potential failures, ensuring safe operation and reducing the risk of electrical equipment overload.

Implementation Method 1

determine the surface temperature of at least one electrical line from a pantograph to the busbar on the car body

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation: Thermal Radiation

Implementation Method 2

compare the temperatures of the measuring points assigned to it by the car controller, detect a failure of a pantograph by the occurrence of a temperature difference between the measuring points

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature gradient detection: Temperature Gradient

Data Source

PatentEP2838752B1Method and device for monitoring pantograph failure
Publication Date: 2018.01.03 SIEMENS AG OESTERR
  • EP2838752B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2838752B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2838752B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for monitoring pantograph failure in a rail vehicle combination of at least one rail vehicle, comprising a plurality of pantographs and electrical conductors from the pantographs to a carriage body-side busbar, wherein the surface temperature of at least one electrical conductor from a pantograph to the carriage body-side busbar is determined, an electrical signal corresponding to said temperature is relayed to a carriage control system, and the carriage control system compares the temperatures of the measurement points associated therewith. A failure of a pantograph is recognised by the occurrence of a temperature difference between the measurement points of the affected pantographs and the unaffected pantographs or by the occurrence of a different temperature change speed at the measurement points.