Parallel Battery Load Prediction for Uneven Module States
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Solution Overview
Problem
Energy storage systems with parallel-connected battery modules face inefficiencies due to differences in battery states, such as age, temperature, and resistance, leading to limited power capability and safety risks, with existing methods conservatively using the weakest link, resulting in underutilization of some battery packs.
Innovation Solution
A method for predicting and controlling the electric load on each battery unit by establishing a battery parameter set including internal resistance and open circuit voltage, accounting for electric interaction between units, and adjusting load levels to optimize power delivery without exceeding thermal or safety limits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If battery modules are connected in parallel to increase power capability, then the total power capability is improved, but the system is limited by the weakest battery module
Solution Approach 1:
The patent dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of each battery module based on its individual state (temperature, state of charge, age). By monitoring parameters like internal resistance and open-circuit voltage, the system optimizes the contribution of each module to maximize total power output while preventing the weakest module from limiting the system.
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors the state of each battery module and uses this feedback to adjust load distribution in real-time. This allows the system to adapt to changing conditions and ensure that no single module becomes a bottleneck, thereby resolving the contradiction between increasing power capability and avoiding system limitations.
2Reliability
If conservative approach is used by multiplying the lowest maximum power capability by the total number of battery packs, then system safety is improved, but some battery packs are not fully utilized
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using a fixed conservative multiplier, the system dynamically determines the power capability of each battery pack based on real-time parameters such as temperature, state of charge, and individual health status. This allows the system to safely utilize each pack up to its actual capacity rather than applying a uniform conservative limit.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different power capability assessments to each individual battery pack based on its specific characteristics and current state. Rather than treating all packs uniformly with a conservative multiplier, each pack's contribution is optimized according to its local conditions, thereby improving overall utilization while maintaining safety.
3Adaptability or versatility
If battery modules with different characteristics are mixed in the system, then system adaptability is improved, but differences in internal resistance, open-circuit-voltage, and capacity cause complications
Solution Approach 1:
The system continuously monitors individual characteristics of each battery module (internal resistance, open-circuit voltage, capacity) and uses this feedback to adjust operating parameters. This real-time adaptation allows the system to handle diverse battery modules effectively, managing the complexity through active control rather than requiring uniform modules.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent dynamically adjusts operating parameters for each battery module based on its specific characteristics. By monitoring and adapting to differences in internal resistance, open-circuit voltage, and capacity, the system can effectively manage heterogeneous battery modules without requiring them to be uniform, thereby maintaining adaptability while managing complexity.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for predicting an electric load imparted on each battery unit in an electric energy storage system comprising at least two battery units electrically connected in parallel to each other. The method comprises establishing a battery parameter set, the battery parameter set comprising at least the following values for each battery unit in the electric energy storage system: an internal ohmic resistance value indicative of the internal ohmic resistance of the battery unit and an open circuit voltage value indicative of the open circuit voltage of the battery unit, using an electric load level indicative of a total electric energy storage system load, and using the electric load level and the battery parameter set for predicting the imparted load on each battery unit in the electric energy storage system.