Parallel Power Converter Droop Control for Frequency Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

In AC systems like microgrids, parallel-connected power converters face challenges in maintaining frequency stability due to traditional balancing methods, which can lead to frequency drift and system instability, especially in the absence of a master controller or centralized control.

Innovation Solution

A control system that calculates a frequency droop value for each power converter based on its electric power output, averages these values, and adjusts them to drive the average towards zero, ensuring stable frequency without a master controller or centralized control.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If frequency drooping is used for power balancing between parallel connected power converters, then power sharing is achieved, but frequency drift from nominal frequency occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower sharingVSAvoidfrequency stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where each power converter monitors the frequency deviation of the AC voltage grid and adjusts its frequency droop value accordingly. The control system calculates a correction value based on the measured frequency deviation and applies it to the frequency droop values, creating a closed-loop control that automatically corrects frequency drift while maintaining power sharing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically changes the frequency droop parameter based on operating conditions. Instead of using fixed frequency droop values, the system calculates adaptive droop values that account for the actual frequency deviation from nominal frequency, allowing the system to maintain both power sharing and frequency stability under varying load conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If frequency reference is changed by frequency droop value to achieve power balancing, then load balancing is improved, but frequency deviation from setpoint increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveload balancingVSAvoidfrequency accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic adjustment of frequency droop values based on real-time operating conditions. The system continuously adapts the droop values to maintain frequency accuracy while achieving load balancing, transitioning from static droop values to dynamic, condition-dependent values that respond to changing system states.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the frequency droop parameter dynamically based on the arithmetic average calculation and frequency deviation measurements. By adjusting the droop value as a variable parameter rather than a fixed value, the system can optimize both load balancing performance and frequency accuracy according to actual operating conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP4254711A1A method and a control system for controlling parallel connected power converters
Publication Date: 2023.10.04 DANFOSS AS
  • EP4254711A1 patent drawingFigure 1a
  • EP4254711A1 patent drawingFigure 1b
  • EP4254711A1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

A control system for controlling parallel connected power converters comprises a data processing system (101-103) configured to form, for each power converter, a frequency droop value (Δfdroop_n) based on electric power of the power converter, and to change a frequency reference (fref_n) of each power converter by the frequency droop value of the power converter. The data processing system forms an arithmetic average of the frequency droop values, forms a correction value based on the arithmetic average of the frequency droop values, and changes the frequency reference (fref_n) of each power converter by the correction value to drive the arithmetic average towards zero. The driving the arithmetic average towards zero reduces undesired frequency drift of the power converters.